1. 1 Mag. Kurt Schalek, 1 st International Week at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, May 3 rd – 7 th 2010 Always look on the bright side Always look on the bright side Resource-based nursing diagnostics Mag. Kurt SCHALEK International Week at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, May 3 rd – 7 th 2010

2. 2 Mag. Kurt Schalek, 1 st International Week at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, May 3 rd – 7 th 2010 The mission of nursing  Definition of Nursing by the International Council of Nurses (ICN): “Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles.” (http://www.icn.ch/definition.htm)  Nurses have to deal with both, health and illness!

3. 3 Mag. Kurt Schalek, 1 st International Week at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, May 3 rd – 7 th 2010 What is health?  Health can be defined as process of being alive (Pelikan 2009)  Ideas about „health“  „either/or“: healthy OR sick  Single continuum: health ------x--------------- sickness  Multidimensional continuum: physical, mental, social dimension  Conclusions:  Health has different dimensions  Positive health and ill health exist simultaneously  Positive health and ill health can develop differently  Health has to be re-produced permanently (e.g. by daily nutrition, sleeping, socialising …)

4. 4 Mag. Kurt Schalek, 1 st International Week at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, May 3 rd – 7 th 2010 What means health in nursing?  Nursing deals with a specific part of health  Focus on health-related ability of coping with every- day life (Bartholomeyczik 2006), e.g.:  coping with acute/chronic disease  coping with personal circumstances: e.g. old age, impairments, living conditions, social networks  Nurses have to cover physical, mental and social dimensions of health  Prerequisite for health can be called resources  Resources = abilities and possibilities for maintaining and/or developing health or coping with impairments New Nursing Classification ‘POP’ in German language is based on these assumptions

5. 5 Mag. Kurt Schalek, 1 st International Week at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, May 3 rd – 7 th 2010 Resources and health Describing resources means describing aspects of health. e.g. walking mobilitymuscularitymotivationenvironment and more … Resources can be found in all dimensions of health: physical, mental and social prerequisites

6. 6 Mag. Kurt Schalek, 1 st International Week at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, May 3 rd – 7 th 2010 Resources „Thought Process“ Thought Process nervesbeing awakeinterest stimulus and more … oxygensecurity fluid balance information physical mentalsocial

7. 7 Mag. Kurt Schalek, 1 st International Week at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, May 3 rd – 7 th 2010 Diagnosing deficits by resources

8. 8 Mag. Kurt Schalek, 1 st International Week at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, May 3 rd – 7 th 2010 Conditions of resources Resources can be in different conditions:  Intact resources – health nursing diagnoses  Health Nursing Diagnoses: developing, strengthening and maintaining positive health resources  Potentially impaired resources – risk nursing diagnoses  Risk Nursing Diagnoses: prevent intact resources from impairment  Impaired/missing resources – actual nursing diagnoses  Actual Nursing Diagnoses: recovery or stabilisation of impaired resources (Stefan/Allmer/Eberl et al. 2009)

9. 9 Mag. Kurt Schalek, 1 st International Week at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, May 3 rd – 7 th 2010 Diagnosing “Walking, impaired” Walking mobility muscularity motivationenvironment Nursing diagnosis Walking, impaired

10. 10 Mag. Kurt Schalek, 1 st International Week at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, May 3 rd – 7 th 2010 Conclusions Effects of a resource-oriented approach on nursing diagnoses:  Describing etiology, risk-factors and supportive resources with a high practical relevance  Simplify planning of care: ease definition of aims (desired outcomes) and interventions  Clear criteria for evaluation  Implementing a comprehensive understanding of health and of the field of nursing

11. 11 Mag. Kurt Schalek, 1 st International Week at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, May 3 rd – 7 th 2010 Thank you for your attention!

12. 12 Mag. Kurt Schalek, 1 st International Week at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, May 3 rd – 7 th 2010

13. 13 Mag. Kurt Schalek, 1 st International Week at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, May 3 rd – 7 th 2010 Some arguments  Why should health professionals deal with health?  Focus on deficits/diseases/impairments is a very narrow approach  Positive potentials are relevant for health interventions (e.g. coping/adherence, rehabilitation)  Increasing number of people with chronic diseases who need to implement and re-organise their daily lives  Perspectives of prevention and health promotion  Starting interventions before problems become evident  Implement interventions that focuses on healthy resources of patients/clients