1. Paper on Best implemented scientific concept for E-Governance projects Virtual Machine By Nitin V. Choudhari, DIO,NIC,Akola

2. Virtual Machine Virtual Machine: Definition The original meaning of Virtual Machine, sometime called hardware Virtual Machine is that of number of discrete identical execution of environments (instances) on a single computer, each of which runs an Operating System(OS). Basic use of Virtual Machine is running multiple Operating Systems at a time Simultaneously on single computer System. Virtual Machine Logically divide the single Computer System and resources into several isolated different sizes same like slices of the bread,each of which works and feels as a separate computer System / Server of different client / server Operating System and simultaneously run different isolated processes.

3. Virtual Machines Technical Features More than one instance of that operating system run on the same hardware at the same timeMore than one instance of that operating system run on the same hardware at the same time Another operating system can run in that simulated hardwareAnother operating system can run in that simulated hardware More than one different operating system can share the same hardware at a timeMore than one different operating system can share the same hardware at a time Virtual Machine Operating System creates illusion of multiple processorsVirtual Machine Operating System creates illusion of multiple processors Each capable of executing independently No sharing, except via network protocols

4. Virtual Machines Technical Features Host Operating System: Host Operating System: The operating system actually running on the hardwareThe operating system actually running on the hardware Together with virtualization layer, it simulates environment for …Together with virtualization layer, it simulates environment for … Guest Operating System: Guest Operating System: The operating system running in the simulated environmentThe operating system running in the simulated environment Each virtual machine is isolated from all other virtual machines. Therefore its one important use is for the isolation of processes with specific resources so that the processes should not collide and affect each other. Isolation ensures that applications and services that run within a VM cannot interfere with the host OS or other VMs Each virtual machine is isolated from all other virtual machines. Therefore its one important use is for the isolation of processes with specific resources so that the processes should not collide and affect each other. Isolation ensures that applications and services that run within a VM cannot interfere with the host OS or other VMs

5. Virtual Machines Technical Features The resources of the physical computer are shared to create the virtual machines under which The resources of the physical computer are shared to create the virtual machines under which CPU scheduling can create the appearance that each user has own processorCPU scheduling can create the appearance that each user has own processor Spooling and a file system provideSpooling and a file system provide virtual card readers, virtual line printers virtual card readers, virtual line printers Disk partitioned to provide virtual disksDisk partitioned to provide virtual disks A normal user time-sharing terminal serves as the virtual machine operator’s consoleA normal user time-sharing terminal serves as the virtual machine operator’s console By using the virtual machine Software we can install the new operating system as guest or we can configure and run the preexisting operating system in dual boot mode, as guest operating System. By using the virtual machine Software we can install the new operating system as guest or we can configure and run the preexisting operating system in dual boot mode, as guest operating System. We can form Network connections between Virtual Machines using single Network card. We can assign different IP addresses to Different Virtual Machine using a single Network Card. We can form Network connections between Virtual Machines using single Network card. We can assign different IP addresses to Different Virtual Machine using a single Network Card.

6. Virtual Machines

7. Features and Findings on use, R & D and Scientific Analysis 1.Application Isolation: We can run multiple applications at a time simultaneously on multiple Operating Systems running on Virtual Machine, isolated from each other so that the execution of each other does not affects to one another. Practically we can use it like using multiple computer Systems at a time by using a single computer System. For Example: For Land Record Computerization we can create multiple Linux server on virtual machine on different computer systems along with the windows Client of the same system and can run 7/12 Data Conversion utility and Data uploading on District web site of multiple n number of Tahsils using less than n Physical Computer systems or even with a single physical computer system which contains virtual machines of Red Had 7.2 Linux Server and Windows Client. This task can be executed isolated to other applications so that both the process not affected by the execution of each other. We can set different IP addresses for the Host and different Virtual machines or we can share the single IP addresses for the host and multiple virtual machines as per the need and requirements of the application.

8. Virtual Machines Features and Findings on use R & D and Scientific Analysis 2. Setting Up distinct isolated Client/ Server Operating System on the Single Computer System : At the same time one can use the one computer system as a client and /or server of different Operating System. So this way we can run client and server system using single Machine. This is practically very useful when we have to do the data entry on client and server Environment at large number of distinct locations and where the server is just required as a background service. Under such situation we can install the client and server on single system and process the work and this way save the cost of the server hardware per every location. I have practically use this concept in Land Record Computerization in District Chandrapur, Maharashtra in 2002, where we have to process the data entry of LRC in 14 different Tahsils of District Chandrapur. We found it very beneficial by using the client system as Windows XP Operating System with Database as DB2 Personal Edition 7.2 and Server as Linux 7.2 server Operating System with Database server as DB2 7.2 in background on the single Computer System.

9. Virtual Machines Features and Findings on use R & D and Scientific Analysis 3. Faster Booting and processing: booting and restarting a virtual machine can be much faster than with physical machine, since it may be possible to skip tasks such as hardware initialization. 4. Imagination to Guest VM as a Physical Server Hardware: Typically, guest operating systems and programs are not aware that they are running on a virtual platform and, as long as the VM's virtual platform is supported, this software can be installed in the same way it would be deployed to physical server hardware. guest operating systemsguest operating systems 5. Useful for Testing and R & Purposes under Client Server Environment : Instead of practically visiting to client and server for testing we can switch for testing between client and server on the single computer system. We can mount the drives and disks between the Virtual Machines and share data and resources. This way it is quite useful for Testing and R & D Purposes. 5. Useful for Testing and R & Purposes under Client Server Environment : Instead of practically visiting to client and server for testing we can switch for testing between client and server on the single computer system. We can mount the drives and disks between the Virtual Machines and share data and resources. This way it is quite useful for Testing and R & D Purposes.

10. Virtual Machines Features and Findings on use R & D and Scientific Analysis 6. VMs can also be easily moved, copied, and reassigned between host servers to optimize hardware resource utilization. Virtual Machine HDD file is like an image of Operating System/Partition including all software's & setting installed on that Operating System / Partition. Its just like a mirror Image/Ghost/Clone of the operating System/ Partition. Therefore by just copy paste and using, we need not have to install the OS, Application Software’s and do exercising of setting configuring the software’s and applications with each other. This is very useful in the case of complicated sophisticated software’s. It save the efforts of setting and configuring. 7.Useful for Backups and Disaster Recovery: Administrators can also take advantage of virtual environments to simply backups, disaster recovery, new deployments and basic system administration tasks backupsdisaster recoverybackupsdisaster recovery

11. Virtual Machines Features and Findings on use R & D and Scientific Analysis 8.We can create multiple virtual machines on multiple users. Likewise the Any application software consider a specific type of image or document file as application file, Virtual machine Software considers the Virtual Machine as a application file only. In order to use multiple virtual Machines we can create multiple virtual Machines in multiple users.

12. Virtual Machines Features and Findings on use R & D and Scientific Analysis 09. Virtual Machines are very useful to Optimize the Technical efforts and exercises, under the situation where a typical complex sophisticated application software is to be used at large number of Distinct locations., to achieve the output target within less time with optimal use of the Hardware / software and resources. Virtual Machine are very much useful when a typical Complex application which require various supporting front end and backend software compatible with each other with sophisticated setting and configurations with Database and network connections, is to be used at Discrete Distinct locations with various types of hardware software. Under such situation such application can be released in the form of Virtual Machine containing Operating System with Application software working along with all the necessary supporting software and setting, by which the users at Discrete Distinct locations gets the directly operational Application software along with the Operating System and all supporting software’s with ready configured setting, Data base and network connections. This way the complex sophisticated technical efforts / exercises per discrete Distinct location can be saved by using Virtual Machine with optimal use of the Hardware / software and resources. This reduces the exercise of training to the user on sophisticated technologies and we can get the task completed easily through the less technical human resources.

13. Virtual Machines Features and Findings on use R & D and Scientific Analysis In the practical experience of use of Agri Census Data and Agri Census Data Conversion utility, around one month time of District unit Officials of 35 Districts was passed in the attempts to make the Agri Census Data utility operational and even after that very few succeeded with full of non uniformity. Instead if the same working operational Agri Census Application with the Data Conversion utility may have been released though ftp server in the form of Virtual Machine along with all the supporting software and settings configured, then it may have definitely saved the time and technical efforts and exercise of the District Unit Officials of 35 District, and the specified task may have been achieved within very less time with minimal technical efforts by just replicating the working virtual machine on computer systems. The same technique we have used for the same purpose in Akola. We have made the application operational one Computer System in the form of Virtual Machine and then replicated it on the computer Systems of all the Tahsils.

14. Virtual Machines Features and Findings on use R & D and Scientific Analysis 10. Import and Export Virtual Machine: We can Import / Export Virtual Machines between the various virtual machine software’s like Windows Virtual Machine Mode and VMware. 11.It is very useful to run the Application on the Computer System which contains the non supporting host Operating System. Under this situation we can get the same application running and operational by installing the supporting guest Operating Installed using the Virtual Machine. In case of Land Record 7/12 Data uploading on District Website, the 7/12 Data conversion and uploading utility requires the Computer System with 4GB of RAM. And having Operating System Windows XP / Windows 7. We were not having any such computer System with 4 GB of RAM on any Windows XP / Windows 7 Client Computer System.

15. Virtual Machines Features and Findings on use R & D and Scientific Analysis But we are having Dell PowerEdge R715 Rack Mounting Server with 32GB of RAM with Windows Server 2008 Operating System. We have installed two separate Virtual Machines, of Windows XP and Red Hat Linux 7.2 Operating System along with all the necessary supporting software’s and made the 7/12 Data Conversion utility operational on Dell Rack Mounting server and uploaded 7/12 Data on District Website by configuring client and server on the same computer system. It is found that while installing Red Hat Linux 7.2 on the Latest present Computer System, it is very difficult to install and xconfigurate ( Graphics Mode ) and nearly impossible, but the Red Hat 7.2 Linux Virtual Machines along with supporting IBM Db2 software and database, working on the another Computer Systems can be easily copied and working smoothly on the Latest Present Computer Systems in text mode which is sufficient to achieve our aim of running Red Hat 7.2 Linux server in Background.

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