1. Gupta Empire
ACHIEVEMENTS : Golden Age of India – set up strong central government, trade and farming
Mathematics: system of numerals, concept of zero, decimal system
Medicine: treated illnesses and injuries with herbs and remedies, set broken bones, performed surgeries, and vaccinations

2. Tang Dynasty GOLDEN AGE of CHINA
Land reform: gave land to the peasants
Canals: helped in transportation of goods and people => increased trade
Cultural Diffusion with Japanese: scholars and merchants brought writing and Buddhism to Japan
Civil Service: adopted Confucianism – people received jobs based on merit
Scholar Officials: intelligent officials made good, solid decisions benefitting the people
Downfall: gov’t corruption, high taxes, drought and famine and rebellion

3. Song Dynasty
Achievements: moveable type inc. printing & amount of books inc.
Magnetic compass: helped in navigation & exploration – overseas trade & colonization
Scholar officials: educated gov’t officials were held in very high regard
Footbinding: women were crippled purposely = status symbol

4. Footbinding

5. Byzantine Empire Autocratic government Justinian- Justinian’s Code
Refomred laws based on Roman Laws
Constantinople- Capital- was on a peninsula overlooking the Bosporus strait connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea)
Influenced by Greco Romans- taught the “classics”

6. The Great Schism Roman Catholic -Priests can’t marry -Language=Latin
-no use of icons-
Holy images
-Pope head of church
Orthodox Christian Church
Priests can marry
Language is Greek
mosaics

7. Impact- Cultural Diffusion
Trade linked Russia and Eastern Europe
-Cyrillic Alphabet
-adopted religious themed art, music and architecture (Byzantine Domes transformed into onion domes of Russia
-Orthodox Christianity

8. ISLAM SPLIT- Who should succeed Muhammad
Sunnis- Don’t need to be a direct relative of Muhammad
Shiites- Need to be a direct relative of Muhammad
Spread through trade and conquest
Islamic Law- based on the Koran and Shariah (controlled everyday life)

9. Social Status WOMEN “Righteous women are obedient”
However, men and women are equal
Shariah gave women some rights
SLAVES
Prisoners of war and or non-Muslims
Performed housework and served in the military

10. GOLDEN AGE Muslim scholars opened libraries and encouraged learning
Translations of ancient texts became important
Calligraphy
Astronomy
Medicine
Architecture

11. Medieval Europe
Manorialism- economic system based on self sufficient manor
Serf-peasant farmer bound to land
Excommunicate- remove someone from the Catholic Church
Feudalism- Social and Political system based on land ownership (land-labor-loyalty)
Fiefs- someone who receives land
Vassals- landowners

12. Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800
Modern day France, Germany, Italy

13. Feudalism Manorialism
Nobles: landowners or high-ranking church officials
Vassals: lesser landowner
Manorialism
Economic System based on mutual responsibility
Land ↔ labor, protection, loyalty
Everyone on manor contributes to the self- sufficiency of the manor

14. Medieval Church Largest landowners- controlled Europe
Roman Catholic Church- most powerful
Unifying Force- feudalism broke people apart and Christianity brought them together
Architecture: Gothic- churches were made elaborately and as tall as possible- showed power

15. Roles of Church
Economic: tithing (church tax) raised tremendous amounts of money
Political Power: had power of empires, collected taxes, formed armies, made treaties, and appointed and disposed of kings and princes
Learning: opened monasteries- educated and preached the word of God- advocated his beliefs
Jews persecuted

16. CRUSADES Byzantine Emperor asked for help against the Muslims
Fought for control of Holy Land- Jerusalem
Salvation would be gained-promised a spot in Heaven if fought

17. CRUSADES- Cultural Diffusion
Trade- reintroduction of trade b/w Middle East and Europe; Europeans became interested in New Muslim and Eastern Goods
Learning- new ideas, people start questioning the church and experiment
Power of Rulers increase- church loses power and influence to local rulers
Relations- contact with Muslims & Chinese creates long-lasting tensions

18. CRUSADES- people Urban II- Pope who called for Crusades
Saladin- Muslim ruler who helped the Muslims recapture the Holy land from the Christians
Richard the Lion Hearted- English King who went on Crusade and helped the Christians regain the Holy Land for only a brief period