1. Notes on Ch. 16: Writing Proposals ENG 115

2. Chapter 16. Writing Proposals © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's2 Analyze your audience. Analyze your purpose. Gather information about your subject. Choose the appropriate type of proposal. Draft the proposal. Format the proposal. Revise, edit, proofread, and submit the proposal. Writing a proposal requires seven steps:

3. Chapter 16. Writing Proposals © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's3 The logistics of proposals

4. Chapter 16. Writing Proposals © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's4 Solicited and unsolicited Proposals: Solicited proposals are sent in response to an information for bid (IFB) or a request for proposal (RFP). Unsolicited proposals are submitted by a supplier who believes that the prospective customer has a need for goods or services.

5. Chapter 16. Writing Proposals © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's5 research goods and services Proposals lead to two kinds of deliverables:

6. Chapter 16. Writing Proposals © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's6 Show that you understand your readers’ needs. Show that you have decided what you plan to do and that you are able to do it. Show that you are a professional and that you are committed to fulfilling your promises. A successful proposal is a persuasive argument:

7. Chapter 16. Writing Proposals © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's7 Describe your credentials and work history. Provide your work schedule. Describe your quality-control measures. Include your budget. Follow four guidelines to demonstrate your professionalism:

8. Chapter 16. Writing Proposals © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's8 Avoid common unethical practices: saying that certain qualified people will participate in the project, even though they will not saying that the project will be finished by a certain date, even though it will not saying that the deliverable will have certain characteristics, even though it will not saying that the project will be completed under budget, even though it will not

9. Chapter 16. Writing Proposals © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's9 to avoid serious legal trouble stemming from breach-of-contract suits to avoid acquiring a bad reputation, thus ruining your business to do the right thing Three reasons to write honest proposals:

10. Chapter 16. Writing Proposals © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's10 Three categories of resources: personnel facilities equipment

11. Chapter 16. Writing Proposals © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's11 summary introduction proposed program qualifications and experience budget appendixes A typical proposal includes six sections:

12. Chapter 16. Writing Proposals © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's12 What is the problem or opportunity? What is the purpose of the proposal? What is the background of the problem or opportunity? What are your sources of information? What is the scope of the proposal? What is the organization of the proposal? What key terms will you use in the proposal? The introduction answers seven questions:

13. Chapter 16. Writing Proposals © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's13 Task schedules are presented in one of three formats: table bar chart or Gantt chart network diagram

14. Chapter 16. Writing Proposals © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's14 An example of a task schedule as a table

15. Chapter 16. Writing Proposals © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's15 An example of a task schedule as a bar chart

16. Chapter 16. Writing Proposals © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's16 An example of a task schedule as a network diagram A network diagram provides more useful information than either a table or a bar chart.

17. Chapter 16. Writing Proposals © 2012 by Bedford/St. Martin's17 Techniques for evaluating completed work: quantitative evaluations qualitative evaluations formative evaluations summative evaluations