1. New Sources of Political Order

2. The Beginnings of the HRE
East Francia
Prominence of dukes
Drang nach Osten
New lands, source of wealth
Silver mines: Otto I
Use of mercenaries
Church officials as a source of royal support
Otto I crowned by John XII in 962: Official beginning of Holy Roman Empire
Kings/Emperors:
Conrad I ( )
Henry the Fowler ( )
Otto I ( )
Otto II ( )
Marriage to Theophano, Byzantine princess
Otto III ( )
Henry II ( )
Expansion of ecclesiastical fiefs
Conrad II ( )
ministeriales
Henry III ( )
“Imperium” takes on new meaning

3. German Empire: from the study guide
Terms:
Henry the Fowler
Ottonian kings, especially Otto I "the Great"
translatio imperii
Ottonian Renaissance
Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim
Salian dynasty
Ministeriales
Questions:
What exactly is meant by the term "Germany" at the beginning of this period?
What was the nature of the relationship that German monarchs developed with the church (and with church officials), and why and how did this develop?
What was the guiding myth for the Germanic empire? How and when did the term "empire" come to develop a new meaning, and what is the significance of the change?
What were some of the Ottonians’ accomplishments in enhancing the German empire’s intellectual life? How in particular did artworks of this time reinforce the monarchy's image of itself?

4. German Empire: Maps

5. The Accession of Henry II
Henry II, who eventually succeeded to the throne despite rival claimants, was later canonized as a saint. His own father, Henry, had rebelled against Otto III. How does Thietmar establish the legitimacy of Henry's election in his text?

6. Capetian France Initial weakness Control over royal domain
Principle of hereditary rather than elective monarchy
Strategic marriages
Eleanor of Aquitaine to Louis VII
Kings:
Hugh Capet ( )
Robert II ( )
Henry I ( )
Philip I ( )
Louis VI “the Fat” ( )
Louis VII ( )

7. Anglo-Normal Realm Alfred the Great’s Anglo-Saxon monarchy
Declared king over English
Law code
Revival of learning
Navy
Conversion of Vikings
Shires and hundreds: administrative units
Alfred ( )
Edgar ( )
Canute ( )
Emperor of the Northern Seas
Edward the Confessor ( )
Question:
What were some of Alfred the Great's accomplishments in enhancing England's intellectual life?

8. The Norman Conquest: from the study guide
Questions:
What course of action did William I pursue when he took over the English crown, and why did he choose as he did?
How did William's handling of the land affect the future of England?
Terms:
Canute
Battle of Hastings; William of Normandy; Harold Godwinson
Exchequer
Questions on Sources:
For plate 5.5, how do the respective positions and body language of the two men communicate their relationship, according to the sponsor of the tapestry?
For source 5.13, this is hardly compelling reading, yet as a source for the period it is pure gold. What does this excerpt tell you about the kinds of individuals that held property, and the kinds of property they held? What does it tell you about financial obligations among these individuals?

9. William the Conqueror Method of infeudation Relationship with church
Scattered fiefs
Virtually no subinfeudation
Significant royal demesne
Relationship with church
“Agreement” with pope
Control over clerical appointments
Donations of land
Treatment of conquered Anglo-Saxons
Norman French replaced Old English
Elites completely displaced
Domesday Book: form of control
Succession:
William II ( )
Henry I ( )
Stephen ( ): period of anarchy, civil war

10. Medieval Spain Terms: al-Andalus Questions: dhimmis
Reconquista
convicencia
Contrast: Song of Roland, Song of the Cid
Averroes
Questions:
What was the status of Christians and Jews in Spain prior to the Reconquista?
For source 5.10, how does the bishop justify violent actions to the assembled army? Be precise in discerning the language and the biblical support that he uses to characterize the struggle ahead.

11. Medieval Italy Questions:
What factors contributed to growth in the Italian communes?
Proto-capitalist rural economy
What were the consequences of the Norman conquest of Sicily?
What was the corpus iuris civilis and why was it important?
Rediscovery in late 11th century
Relationship of northern Italian cities to Holy Roman Emperors
Contrast between northern, southern Italy
Significance of Papal States
Pope’s appointment of Robert Guiscard as papal vassal
Rulers of Sicily:
Roger “the Great Count”
Roger II