1. The Impact of Christianity

3.  A period of European history from about  500 A.D. – 1400 A.D.  Each subsequent era interprets the significance of the Middle Ages differently  Clearly, there was less emphasis on scholarship and science

4.  The primary focus of the age was the expanding influence of Christianity  The quality of visual art was less realistic and refined than the Classical.  Merging of conservative sensibilities of the south with the less traditional “tribes” of the North that had overthrown them.

5. of the Middle-Ages

6.  Associated with Orthodox churches of eastern Europe and the near middle east  Hagia Sophia (Church of Holy Wisdom)  most significant architectural creation of the style.

8.  Invention of Pendentives allowed a dome to be built on a square building – largest domed building for 1,000 years

9.  Mosaics with static religious figures were typical

11.  Although the Roman Empire fell, the Church of Rome had not  A title art historians use to describe medieval art that appears “Roman-like”  Prominent during the 11th and 12th centuries throughout Europe  The leading patron of Romanesque style was the Catholic church  Thick walls, round arches, groin vaults, towers

12.  Most famous example of this art is the Leaning Tower of Pisa – begun in 1173

14.  Term from 1550 by Giorgio Vasari – a reference to the Goths, intended as an insult “monstrous & barbarous”  Began in France - In the 13th & 14th centuries the style was popular throughout Europe  Common elements of Gothic Cathedrals – ribbed vaults, pointed arches, stained-glass windows

15.  Chartres Cathedral in France 1260 is the most classical example  Described as a “gloomy, threatening, medieval world view” elaborate and dark arts  “Black Death” a plague that spread across Europe shaped the Gothic style  “Triumph of Death” painted by Traini in 1350 is a prime example

16.  Most famous work of this period is the Cathedral of Notre Dame

25.  Gregorian Chants (aka Plainsong):  Religious music for worship services – vocal music with haunting undulating character established around 590  Odo (Abbot of Cluny) founder of music composition and theory  First pipe organ in England 980 AD

27.  Organum:  Chants with an additional melodic line, its height was 10th – 13th centuries  Troubadours: Lyric poets who held knightly rank – sang emotional and religious stories during 1150s  1110 is earliest record of Miracle Play being performed – 1 st formal theater in Europe

28.  During the Middle Ages, the politically powerful cared little for culture very few could read or write.  Earliest English work available Beowulf contains legends told as folk stories

29.  An Important Gothic style work is Dante’s  Divine Comedy – an allegory describing heaven, hell and purgatory

30.  Song of Roland 1100 Epic poem oldest surviving work in French literature  Geoffrey Chaucer (Father of English Literature) wrote The Canterbury Tales, the highlight of English late Middle Ages literature