2. SOSIOLOGI & MEDIA Pertemuan 1 Matakuliah: Sosiologi Komunikasi Massa Tahun: 2009/2010

3. Bina Nusantara University 3

4. Sociology The study of social (groups) –Interaksi –Aktifitas kelompok masyarakat –Sub-groups –Ethnic groups –Politics (kekuasaan) –Ekonomi (household  corporations ) –Ideas (come from culture) ie: ideologi, filsafat, moral Bina Nusantara University 4

5. 5 Sociology A scientific study of human social behavior. As the study of humans in their collective aspect, sociology is concerned with all group activities—economic, social, political, and religious. Sociologists study such areas as bureaucracy, community, deviant behavior, family, public opinion, social change, social mobility, social stratification, and such specific problems as crime, divorce, child abuse, and substance addiction. Sociology tries to determine the laws governing human behavior in social contexts; it is sometimes distinguished as a general social science from the special social sciences, such as economics and political science, which confine themselves to a selected group of social facts or relations.

6. Bina Nusantara University 6 Unit of Study Political Science is the study of government and political processes, institutions, and behavior Anthropology is the scientific study of the origin and behavior of man, including the development of societies and cultures Sociology the science of society, social institutions, and social relationships ; specifically : the systematic study of the development, structure, interaction, and collective behavior of organized groups of human beings

7. Bina Nusantara University 7 Fathers of Sociology Karl Marx (1818-1883): Society and Conflict Emile Durkheim (1858-1917): Society and Function Max Weber (1864-1920): The Rationalization of Society

8. Bina Nusantara University 8 Social Organization Social Structure Refers to the social context itself, or the set of social relations that link individuals in a society Social organizations tend to refer to social actions and define roles individuals play in relation to one another The term ‘social organization’ has been used since Comte Refers to the sum total of activities performed in a given social context Social structure defines the status of actors performing such roles The study of social structure descends from classical structural- functionalist and structuralist traditions

9. Sociological Perspectives of the Media –The media: Socialize us Enforce social norms Confer status Promote consumption Keep us informed about our environment May act as a narcotic Functionalist View Bina Nusantara University 9

10. Sociological Perspectives of the Media Media increases social cohesion by presenting common view of culture –Provide collective experience for members of a society –Socializing effects can promote religious as well as patriotic exchanges, uniting believers around the world –Socializing effect of media means programming can easily become controversial Functionalist View –Agent of Socialization Bina Nusantara University 10

11. Sociological Perspectives of the Media Media reaffirm proper behavior by showing what happens to people who violate societal expectations –Conferral of Status Singles out one from thousands of other similarly placed issues or people to become significant Functionalist View –Enforcer of Social Norms Bina Nusantara University 11

12. Sociological Perspectives of the Media Media advertising –Supports economy –Provides information –Underwrites cost of media Functionalist View –Promotion of Consumption Bina Nusantara University 12

13. Sociological Perspectives of the Media Figure 7-1. Number of Hours per Week Spent with Media, 1997—2008 (projected) Source: Veronis Suhler Stevenson LLC 2003:166-167 for 1997; 2004:184-185 for all other data Bina Nusantara University 13

14. Sociological Perspectives of the Media Table 7-1. Status Conferred by Magazines Bina Nusantara University 14

15. Sociological Perspectives of the Media Surveillance Function: collection and distribution of information concerning events in the social environment –Dysfunction: The Narcotizing Effect Narcotizing Dysfunction: phenomenon in which the media provide such massive amounts of information that audience becomes numb and fails to act on the information Functionalist View –Surveillance of the Social Environment Bina Nusantara University 15

16. Sociological Perspectives of the Media –Gatekeeping: how material must travel through a series of checkpoints before reaching the public Conflict View Ethnicity Social class –Conflict theorists emphasize that the media reflect and even exacerbate many of the divisions of our society and world, including: Gender Race Bina Nusantara University 16

17. Sociological Perspectives of the Media Dominant Ideology: set of cultural beliefs and practices that help to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests Mass media serve to maintain the privileges of certain groups Stereotypes: unreliable generalization about all members of a group that do not recognize individual differences within the group Conflict View –Dominant Ideology: Constructing Reality Bina Nusantara University 17

18. Sociological Perspectives of the Media Globalization projects the dominating reach of the U.S. media into the rest of the world Media cultural exports undermine the distinctive traditions and art forms of other societies and encourage their cultural and economic dependence on the U.S. Conflict View –Dominant Ideology: Whose Culture? Nations that feel a loss of identity may try to defend against the cultural invasion Bina Nusantara University 18

19. Sociological Perspectives of the Media –Feminists share conflict theorists’ view that the mass media stereotype and misrepresent social reality Women underrepresented Perpetuate stereotypical views of gender Emphasize traditional sex roles and normalize violence against women Feminist View Bina Nusantara University 19

20. Sociological Perspectives of the Media –Interactionists especially interested in shared understandings of everyday behavior –Examine media on micro level to see how they shape day- to-day social behavior –Scholars increasingly point to mass media as source of major daily activity Interactionist View Bina Nusantara University 20

21. Sociological Perspectives of the Media Figure 7-2. The Internet Explosion Source: National Geographic 2005:21 Bina Nusantara University 21

22. Sociological Perspectives of the Media Table 7-2. Sociological Perspectives on the Mass Media Bina Nusantara University 22