1. Electrostatics
Electrostatics is the study of electrical charges that are not moving. Electro – charges, statics– not moving.
Review chemistry
Protons, positively charged, in nucleus
Neutrons, not charged, in nucleus
Electrons, negatively charged , outside of nucleus
Protons determine the identity of the atom, and are not allowed to move within the atom, they always stay in the nucleus

2. Bonding There are 3 types of bonding Covalent = Sharing electrons
Ionic = atoms steal or have their e- stolen
Metalic = atom’s nucleus is in a “sea of electrons”
No electron belongs to any particular nucleus
All electrons interact with all protons in all of the nuclei
This allows electrons to be “pushed” or pulled through the material

3. Conductivity- Insulators
The type of bond determines if an object will be able to conduct electricity or not
In covalent and ionic bonds the electrons are shared between atoms and are tightly bound
Electrons are not able to flow, these materials are called insulators
Examples?

4. Conductivity-conductors
The type of bond determines if an object will be able to conduct electricity or not
In a metallic bond electrons are not tightly bound and are able to flow. These materials are called conductors.
Conductor applet
Examples?

5. Conductivity of dissolved Ionic compounds
Solid Ionic compounds themselves are not conductors because their Ions are locked in place
But when dissolved in water, or melt them they become very good conductors because the ions are now free to move about.
Do demo
Pure water is not a conductor of electricity and neither are salts (sweat, dissolved minerals, sea salts
But put them together and watch out!

6. Coulomb’s Law Coulomb’s Law 2nd Coulomb’s Law website
Which charges are which (challenge)
Move the charge where the force would be zero
Continue to work on this page

7. Electric force compared to Gravitational Force
Gravity vs electrical force.pdf
In physics gravity is by far the weakest to all the forces, but physics also tells us that is will predict the outcome of the end of the Universe.

8. Types of Charges There are 4 methods of charging Friction
Human Hands (if very dry)
Leather
Rabbit Fur
Glass
Human Hair
Nylon
Wool
Fur
Lead
Silk
Aluminum
Paper
Cotton
Steel (neutral)
Wood
Amber
Hard Rubber
Nickel, Copper
Brass, Silver
Gold, Platinum
Polyester
Styrene (Styrofoam)
Saran Wrap
Polyurethane
Polyethylene (scotch tape)
Polypropylene Vinyl (PVC)
Silicon
Teflon
MORE POSITIVE
MORE NEGATIVE
Types of Charges
There are 4 methods of charging
Friction
Objects likelihood of gaining electrons can be summarized by if they are “natural” or “manmade”
The more natural tends to lose electrons and become positive, man made to gain electrons and become negative

9. Types of Charges There are 4 methods of charging Sweater Applet
Friction
Induction
Conduction (animation to show friction and conduction charging)
And Polarization (applet to show how electrons move)
Sweater Applet

10. Charges build up on points
Keys
Fingers
Lightning rods
This is because of something called an electric field, it is kind of complicated

11. Electric fields
Electric fields are ways of visualizing the electric force that Coulomb’s law predicts
Electric fields can be drawn following a few rules
All field lines start at a positive charge and end at a negative charge (if there is one)
All field lines leave and enter the surface of the charged object at a right angle to the surface
The “density” of the lines represents the strength of the electric field.
A test charge is used to determine the force in an electric field
It is a positive charge
It should be thought of as having such a small charge that it doesn’t effect the electric field in any way, but does predict the Coulomb’s force
Applet with two unlike charges(with test charge)
Applet with two like charges (with test charge)
Applet where you can add charges

12. Lightning
Lightning is a result of a built up static charge between the ground and the clouds
Lightning applet
BrainPop on Lightning

13. Van de Graff Generator
Short video on how it works

14. Florescent light bulbs