1. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 Southeast Asia Fire Danger Rating System Project Bryan Lee, Michael Brady, Bill de Groot, Caren Dymond, Robert Field, Orbita Roswintiarti Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service

2. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 Outline Project Goals Adaptation Activities Operation Activities Application Activities Linking ground-based FDRS with remote sensing Conclusions

3. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 SE Asia FDRS Project Goals: Enhance the application of fire science in SE Asia Develop early warning systems for fire and haze events using fire danger rating technology Improved mechanisms to manage transboundary haze

4. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 Fire Danger The ability of a fire to start, spread and do damage Fire Danger Rating System Evaluates the fire environment on regular intervals and in an objective way Interpretation provides information and guidelines for fire management

5. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 Provide an early warning system for fire and smoke events Promote the wise use of fire Support fire prevention fire activities Assist in managing fire fighting resources Promote technology transfer, fire science and policy formulation Benefits of a FDRS for Southeast Asia

6. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 FDRS Structure FireWeatherFireBehavior FireEmissions Guides and Systems developed by Fire Management Research Fire Management Resources Values at Risk Fire Management Decisions WeatherTopographyFuels Emissions Factors

7. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities Fire Climate Assessment (26 years) – Sumatra Understanding El-Nino affects Non El-Nino ConditionsEl-Nino Conditions

8. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities FDRS Calibration – started for Indonesia and Malaysia E.g. Climate distributions from 6-year NCDC data

9. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities FDRS Calibration Based on satellite fire detection

10. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities FDRS Calibration Based on visibility observations

11. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities Fuel Characterization Grassland Woody Slash Peat soil Mineral soil Open forest Closed forest Shrub- lands

12. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities Fuel Mapping – based on Landsat TM data from 2000

13. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities Field studies on peat moisture and grass biomass Lab studies testing ignition thresholds Data collection complete – data being analyzed

14. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities Training of developers and operators Teams trained in Jakarta, Sandakan and Kuala Lumpur

15. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 Daily FDRS map production II. Status of SE ASIA Operation Activities Operating for SE Asia in Edmonton Indonesia in Jakarta and Medan Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur Soon to be Operating in Sandakan for Sabah

16. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 Communication of FDRS to users II. Status of SE ASIA Operation Activities Web-based SE Asia in Edmonton Indonesia in Jakarta (www.fdrs.or.id) Kuala Lumpur for Malaysia 2-way Radio Within Fire Control Directorate for Indonesia Television Part of nightly news broadcast on a national Indonesian station

17. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 II. Status of SE ASIA Operation Activities E.g. SE Asia website

18. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 II. Status of SE ASIA Operation Activities Training in FDRS for users Formal training program developed by a team from 4 countries.

19. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 III. Status of SE ASIA Application Activities Interpreting FDRS maps to aid fire managers  Prevention programs  Mobilization  Suppression Fire Management – ongoing activities

20. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 III. Status of SE ASIA Application Activities E.g. Difficulty of Control Interpretation Low Moderate High Extreme These fires generally do not spread much beyond their point of origin. Control of these fires is easily accomplished through direct attack around the entire fire perimeter by firefighters using hand tools and water from backpack pumps. Hand-constructed fireguards are likely to be challenged. Water under pressure and heavy machinery are generally required for effective action at the fire's head. Severe drought conditions and dangerous burning conditions exist. The probability for suppression success is low.

21. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 III. Status of SE ASIA Application Activities Haze modeling – ongoing activities Fire Weather Fuel TypeFuel Moisture Fire BehaviorFire Size Emission Yields Fire Location Atmospheric Conditions Transport and Deposition Air Quality Remote sensing FDRS

22. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 III. Status of SE ASIA Application Activities Haze modeling – ongoing activities Smoke from Borneo pollutes air in Malaysia Smoke from Sumatra disperses into atmosphere

23. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 Smoke Dispersion Linking fire danger rating & emissions with dispersion and transport models Retrospective simulation of severe episodes III. Status of SE ASIA Application Activities

24. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003  Improved interpretation of monsoonal wind and thermodynamic patterns over Southeast Asia.  New simulations of mesoscale wind and thermodynamic patterns during peak fire occurrences to support forecasting. III. Status of SE ASIA Application Activities Haze modeling – expected results

25. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 III. Status of SE ASIA Application Activities E.g.; Early Warning of Haze Events

26. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 Fire danger forecasting of fire activity and air quality

27. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 Linking ground-based FDRS with remote sensing projects Discussion Daily Weather Data Daily FDRS Maps Fire Management Guidelines Daily reports Weekly status and forecasts Fire Records Satellite Images Topography Human Activities Fire Climate Fire Hazard Map Fire Management Resources Daily Satellite Images Hotspot & Burned area Locations and Statistics

28. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 E.g. Monitoring through daily reportsDiscussion Palangkaraya (approx.) Banjarmasin MODIS rapid response Central Kalimantan 19/08/2002

29. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 E.g. Burned area mappingDiscussion A)Ground photograph of the large burned scar B) Burned scars (orange areas) as detected in a multitemporal ERS image C) The hotspots detected by NOAA-AVHRR are overlaid onto the ERS image From: F. Siegert and A.A. Hoffmann 2000 Remote Sensing of Environment Volume 72, Issue 1, April, Pages 64-77

30. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 Conclusions A Fire Danger Rating System exists for SE Asia Indonesia and Malaysia have the capacity to operate their own systems A regional system would be beneficial to forecast and monitor transboundary haze Many opportunities remain to improve the existing systems

31. Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003 Thank you http://fms.nofc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/seasia User ID: seasia Password: seasia