1. SensorNets and Emergency Response Panel Talk “The Bioterrorist Threat: Scenarios and Response” 52 nd Annual Pugwash Conference University of California, San Diego San Diego, CA August 13, 2002 Dr. Larry Smarr Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technologies Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD

2. Soon The Internet Will Be Available Throughout the Physical World 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 1999200020012002200320042005 Mobile Internet Fixed Internet Subscribers (millions) Source: Ericsson

3. How Can the “Always-On” Internet Enhance Capabilities for Homeland Security? Three Tier System –Wireless SensorNets Brings Data to Repositories –Collaborative Crisis Management Data Centers –Remote Wireless Devices Interrogate Databases

4. The “Always-On” Internet Can Be of Use in Three Stages of an Emergency Early Warning SensorNets –Detecting Bio/Chem/Nuclear Agents Directly Biosurveillance –Identifying Common Symptoms Earlier Emergency Response –Supporting First Responders in an Emergency

5. SensorNets: A Fast Growing Field of Academic Research www.soe.ucsd.edu/Research_Review/ February 20-21, 2002 Sponsored by Cal-(IT) 2 and UCSD

6. MEMS & Nanotechology Remote Sensors Are Rapidly Being Invented “Smart Dust” “Nanowires” Mike Sailor, et al, UCSD Chemistry, Cal-(IT) 2 For Volatile Organic Compounds and Chemical Agents Silicon Photonic CrystalsPolysilole

7. Low Power Biological, Chemical, Pollutant, Magnetic, Particulate Sensor Development Desired Properties: –Low False Alarm Rate, Sensitive –Miniature, Portable, Lower Cost Handheld Nanosensor Device for Sarin Nerve Agent Developed for DARPA Detection of Explosives TNT-contaminated thumbprint on a transit ticket from the San Francisco BART line Mike Sailor, et al, UCSD Chemistry, Cal-(IT)2

8. Adding Wireless Sensors to Systems-on-Chip Will Create Brilliant Sensors Applications Memory Protocol Processors DSP Embedded Software Sensors Source: Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE Radio Critical New Role of Power Aware Systems Internet Ad Hoc Hierarchical Networks of Brilliant Sensors

9. The Private Sector is Integrating Wireless, Sensor, and Data-Management Technologies Source: Graviton, a Cal-(IT) 2 Partner

10. Early Warning Medical Sensors May Move Inside Us Internal Sensors—Israeli Video Pill –Battery, Light, & Video Camera –Images Stored on Hip Device Next Step—Putting Bodies On-Line –Wireless Internet Transmission –Key Metabolic and Physical Sensors Genomic Individualized Medicine –Combine –Genetic Code –Body Sensor Data Flows –Powerful AI Data Mining Techniques www.givenimaging.com www.bodymedia.com www.philometron.com

11. Over the Next Decade Nanobioinfoengineering Will Revolutionize SensorNets 5 nanometers Human Rhinovirus IBM Quantum Corral Iron Atoms on Copper VCSELaser 2 mm Nanogen MicroArray 500x Magnification 400x Magnification

12. Shrinking Flying Wireless Sensor Platforms: From Predator to Biomimetic Robots General Atomics Predator (Air Force, CIA) 300 Inches UC Berkeley Aerobot (ARO, DARPA, ONR) 20 Inches UC Berkeley Micromechanical Flying Insect Project 1 Inch (DARPA, ONR)

13. SensorNets—Real-Time Data Storage hardware Database Systems, Grid Storage, Filesystems Data Mining, Simulation Modeling, Analysis, Data Fusion Web Portal Customized to User Device Knowledge-Based Integration Advanced Query Processing Networked Storage (SAN) Visualization High speed networking Data Organization and Mining Are at the Heart of the “Always-On” Internet The SDSC/Cal-(IT) 2 Knowledge and Data Engineering Laboratory

14. National Institutes of Health Are Prototyping Distributed Storage and Computing National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure Part of the UCSD CRBS Center for Research on Biological Structure Biomedical Informatics Research Network (BIRN) NIH Plans to Expand to Other Organs and Many Laboratories

15. Data Mining Across Agency Stovepipes Is an Essential Next Step Large Cultural Barriers to Sharing of Data Needed Infrastructure Investments and Training CRIMINAL JUSTICE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PUBLIC HEALTH SECURITY INTEGRATED INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM Local State Federal INFORMATION SOURCES

16. However, Broad Debate Is Needed to Avoid Citizen Revolt Against Privacy Violations

17. Developing Optically Linked Distributed Analysis, Command, & Control Centers Driven by SensorNets Data –Emergency Response –Real Time Seismic –Environmental Monitoring Possibly Linked to OES Situation Room Sacramento Linking Control Rooms Cox, Panoram, SAIC, SGI, IBM, TeraBurst Networks SD Telecom Council UCSD SDSU 44 Miles of Cox Fiber

18. Planning for Optically Linking Crisis Management Control Rooms in California California Office of Emergency Services, Sacramento, CA

19. From Telephone Conference Calls to International Video Meetings Access Grid Lead-Argonne NSF STARTAP Lead-UIC’s Elec. Vis. Lab

20. Prevailing wind Warm zone Compromised Transportation Corridor Hot Zone Improving Emergency Response With the “Always-On Internet” Source: Dr. Leslie Lenert, UCSD SOM Transportation Assets With Mobile Internet Bubble Field Treatment Station Mobile Bubbles Patient RF IDs First Responder PDAs Electronic record of field care Hospital #1 Hospital #2 Stadium WMD Attack Transport station Incident command center 2-Way Telemedicine Control Room GPS Tracking High Bandwidth