1. 8 TH GRADE US HISTORY FINAL REVIEW Washington’s Presidency to the Civil War

2. 1. Why did the British blockade of the American coast during the war of 1812 boost American industry? It motivated Americans to make goods that they used to import from Europe. 2. Why did Federalists favor the Alien and Sedation Acts? It reduced the political power of immigrants.

3. 3. Judicial Review was a principle that was affirmed during which Supreme Court case? Marbury v. Madison 4. What did the 1830 Indian Removal Act force Native Americans to do? Walk the Trail of Tears

4. 5. Where did Natives move to and from on the Trail of Tears? Moved from their homeland in Georgia and moved west. 6. Who was treated unfairly during the “democratic” age of Jackson? Women, Native Americans, and African Americans

5. 7. How did women factory workers protest terrible working conditions and wage cuts? They organized the first labor strikes. 8. Describe the working Industrial Revolution: Americans worked for long hours and low wages in factories

6. 9. Define Manifest Destiny: The idea that America should stretch from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean 10. Which group of people’s rights were mainly stepped on by Manifest Destiny? Native Americans were forced to move off of their land due to Manifest Destiny

7. 11. What were the goals of social reformers during the beginning of the 1800’s? Reforming prisons/ mental healthcare Improving education Abolishing slavery 12. Describe the purpose of the Seneca Falls Convention: To focus attention on problems faces by women.

8. 13. List 3 important American reformers: Dorothea Dix Horace Mann Sojourner Truth 14. Why did Southerners oppose admission of free states to the Union after 1820? They felt the Northerners would gain control of congress.

9. 15. How did Harriet Tubman help combat slavery in the South? She led slaves to freedom as a conductor on the Underground Railroad. 16. Who was Fredrick Douglass? An escaped slave An abolitionist Publisher of the North Star (newspaper)

10. 17. How did the Mexican government anger Americans in Texas? Mexico closed Texas to further immigration 18. How did the Battle of the Alamo affect the fight for Texan independence? The bloody battle of the Alamo showed Texans that they would have to fight really hard to win the war.

11. 19. California entered the Union under what compromise? Compromise of 1850. 20.Define Sectionalism: The belief that the people living in a region should vote or decide on key issues.

12. 21. What were the major causes of the Civil War? Economics Tariffs States Rights/ Slavery 22. What was the Supreme Court ruling in the Dred Scott decision? Slaves were not considered citizens and therefore could not sue in court.

13. 23. What event caused the south (South Carolina) to secede from the Union? The election of Abraham Lincoln (election of 1860). 24. What was Lincoln’s main goal of the Civil War? To keep the Union together. 25. What was a result of the Emancipation Proclamation? The abolition of slavery became a goal of the war.

14. 29. The Mexican Cession (territory lost by Mexico). CD 30. Occupied by US and Britain. A 26. The Louisiana Territory: D 27. The 13 original colonies: E 28. Purchased from Spain: B

15. Essays 1. How did Manifest Density affect the following groups:  Native Americans  African Americans  Spanish Settlers  White Settlers Use facts, details, and examples to support your answer 2. Name Five causes of the Civil War and explain how each one contributed to the war. Use facts, details, and examples to support your answer

16. 3. What impact did the following have on American life? Communication Transportation Industrialization Use facts, details, and examples to support your answer 4. How did Andrew Jackson’s Presidency expand democracy? How was it not a true democracy? Use facts, details, and examples to support your answer