1. Chapter 1 By :Jigar M Pandya
WCMP
Chapter 1
By :Jigar M Pandya

2. What Is Mobile Computing?
What is computing?
Operation of computers
(according to oxfords advance learner’s dictionary)
What is the mobile?
That someone /something can move or be moved easily and quickly from place to place
What is mobile computing?
Users with portable computers still have network connections while they move

3. What Is Mobile Computing?
A simple definition could be: Mobile Computing is using a computer (of one kind or another) while on the move
Another definition could be: Mobile Computing is when a (work) process is moved from a normal fixed position to a more dynamic position.

4. What Is Mobile Computing? (Cont.)
Mobile Computing is a term used to describe technologies that enable people to access network services anyplace, anytime, and anywhere.
Mobile computing can be defined as a computing environment over physical mobility.

5. Comparison to Wired Net
Wired Networks
high bandwidth
low bandwidth variability
can listen on wire
high power machines
high resource machines
need physical access(security)
low delay
connected operation
Mobile Networks
low bandwidth
high bandwidth variability
hidden terminal problem
low power machines
low resource machines
higher delay
disconnected operation

6. Why Go for Mobile? Enable anywhere/anytime connectivity
Bring computer communications to areas without pre- existing infrastructure
Enable mobility
Enable new applications

7. Types of Wireless Devices
Laptops
Palmtops
PDAs
Cell phones
Pagers
Sensors …

8. Challenges Disconnection Low bandwidth High bandwidth variability
Low power and resources
Security risks
Fit more functionality into single, smaller device

9. MOBILE COMPUTING Mobility
The user of a mobile computing environment will be able to access data, information or other logical objects from any device in any network while on the move.
Mobility
User Mobility
Device Mobility

10. MOBILE COMPUTING Cont.
Anywhere, Anytime Information: This is the generic definition of ubiquity, where the information is available anywhere, all the time.
Virtual Home Environment: (VHE) is defined as an environment in a foreign network such that the mobile users can experience the same computing experience as they have in their home or corporate computing environment.
For example, one would like to put ones room heater on when one is about 15 minutes away from home.

11. Mobile Computing Functions
We can define a computing environment as mobile if it supports one or more of the following characteristics:
User Mobility
Network Mobility
Device Mobility
Service Mobility
Session Mobility
Host Mobility (client –server, ip)

12. Issues in categories Software Issues - Apps
Technical Issues - Battery, h/w
Network Issues - connection
User Interface Issues - understanding
Security Issues - attacks

13. Future of Mobile Computing
Use of Artificial Intelligence
Integrated Circuitry -> Compact Size
Increases in Computer Processor speeds
etc….

14. Mobile Computing - Architecture

15. Mobile Computing - Architecture
First Tier/Layer
Mobile Computing - Architecture
User Interface/Presentation Layer – deals with the user facing device handling & rendering. This tier includes a user interfacing components like Textbox, Labels, Checkboxes, etc.
Second Tier/Layer
Process Management/application Layer – deals with Business logic & Rules. It is capable of accommodating hundreds users.
Thired Tier/Layer
Database Management/Data Tier – deals with DB
management & access.

16. The word wireless is dictionary defined “having no wires ” .
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS WIRELESS ?
The word wireless is dictionary defined “having no wires ” .
In networking terminology , wireless is the term used to describe any computer network where there is no physical wired connection between sender and receiver, but rather the network is connected by radio waves and or microwaves to maintain communications.
Wireless networking utilizes specific equipment such as NICs and Routers in place of wires (copper or optical fibre). 16 16

17. 1G TECHNOLOGY
1G refers to the first generation of wireless telephone technology, mobile telecommunications which was first introduced in 1980s and completed in early 1990s.
It's Speed was upto 2.4kbps.
It allows the voice calls in 1 country.
1G network use Analog Signal.
AMPS was first launched in USA in 1G mobile
systems. 17 17

18. DRAWBACKS OF 1G Poor Voice Quality Poor Battery Life Large Phone Size
No Security
Limited Capacity
Poor Handoff Reliability
1G Wireless System 18 18

19. 2G TECHNOLOGY
2G technology refers to the 2nd generation which is based on GSM.
It was launched in Finland in the year 1991.
2G network use digital signals.
It’s data speed was upto 64kbps.
Features Includes:
It enables services such as text messages,
picture messages and MMS (multi media message).
It provides better quality and capacity . 19

20. DRAWBACKS OF 2G 2G requires strong digital signals
to help mobile phones work. If there
is no network coverage in any specific
area , digital signals would weak.
These systems are unable to
handle complex data such as Videos.
2G Wireless System 20 20

21. WIRELESS MODELS OF 1G & 2G 1G WIRELESS SYSTEMS 2G WIRELESS SYSTEMS 21

22. 2.5G TECHNOLOGY
2.5G is a technology between the second (2G) and third (3G) generation of mobile telephony.
2.5G is sometimes described as 2G Cellular Technology combined with GPRS.
Features Includes:
Phone Calls
Send/Receive Messages
Web Browsing
Speed : kbps
Camera Phones
Take a time of 6-9 mins. to download a 3 mins. Mp3 song 22

23. 3G TECHNOLOGY
3G technology refer to third generation which was introduced in year 2000s.
Data Transmission speed increased from
144kbps- 2Mbps.
Typically called Smart Phones and
features increased its bandwidth
and data transfer rates to accommodate
web-based applications and audio
and video files. 23

24. FEATURES OF 3G TECHNOLOGY
Providing Faster Communication
Send/Receive Large Messages
High Speed Web / More Security
Video Conferencing / 3D Gaming
TV Streaming/ Mobile TV/ Phone Calls
Large Capacities and Broadband Capabilities
11 sec – 1.5 min. time to download a 3 min Mp3 song. 24

25. DRAWBACKS OF 3G TECHNOLOGY
Expensive fees for 3G Licenses Services
It was challenge to build the infrastructure
for 3G
High Bandwidth Requirement
Expensive 3G Phones.
Large Cell Phones 25

26. 4G TECHNOLOGY (Anytime ,Anywhere)26

27. 4G TECHNOLOGY (Anytime ,Anywhere)
4G technology refer to or short name of fourth Generation which was started from late 2000s.
Capable of providing 100Mbps – 1Gbps speed.
One of the basic term used to describe 4G is MAGIC.
MAGIC:
Mobile Multimedia
Anytime Anywhere
Global Mobility Support
Integrated Wireless Solution
Customized Personal Services
Also known as Mobile Broadband Everywhere. 27

28. 4G (Anytime, Anywhere)
The next generations of wireless technology that promises higher data rates and expanded multimedia services.
Capable to provide speed 100Mbps-1Gbps.
High QOS and High Security
Provide any kind of service at any time as per user requirements, anywhere.
Features Include:
More Security
High Speed
High Capacity
Low Cost Per-bit etc. 28

29. DRAWBACKS OF 4G Battery uses is more Hard to implement
Need complicated hardware
Expensive equipment required
to implement next generation
network. 29

30. COMPARISON BETWEEN 3G Vs 4G
The basic difference between 3G and 4G is in data transfer and signal quality.
Technology 3G 4G
Data Transfer Rate
3.1 MB/sec
100 MB/sec
Internet Services
Broadband
Ultra Broadband
Mobile - TV Resolution
Low
High
Bandwidth
5-20 MHz
100MHz
Frequency
1.6-2 GHz
2-8 GHz
Download and upload
5.8 Mbps
14 Mbps 30

31. WIRLESS MODELS OF 3G & 4G
3G WIRELESS SYSTEM
4G WIRELESS SYSTEM 31 31

32. 5G TECHNOLOGY
5G technology refer to short name of fifth Generation which was started from late 2010s.
Complete wireless communication
with almost no limitations.
It is highly supportable to WWWW
(Wireless World Wide Web). 32

33. BENEFITS OF 5G TECHNOLOGY
High Speed, High Capacity
5G technology providing large broadcasting of data in Gbps .
Multi - Media Newspapers, watch T.V programs with the clarity
as to that of an HD Quality.
Faster data transmission that of the
previous generations.
Large Phone Memory, Dialing Speed,
clarity in Audio/Video.
Support interactive multimedia , voice,
streaming video, Internet and other
5G is More Effective and More Attractive. 33

34. COMPARISON BETWEEN 4G Vs 5G
The following basic differences between 4G and 5G are: 34

35. EVOLUTION OF 1G TO 5G TECHNOLOGY35

36. WIRELESS APPLICATIONS
Wireless applications are those
which we use free space as the
transmission medium & do not
involve cabling like fibre or
copper cables. 36

37. WIRELESS SERVICES Wireless solution for: Business and Industry
Schools , Colleges
Doctors , Pilots
Police and Vehicles etc. 37

38. SOC & AOC Clients
Mobile users need solutions that can be used effectively at any time during
their work day and used wherever their works takes them.
Mobile technology can be implemented with Sometimes On Connectivity/SOC
to mobile devices or Always On Connectivity/AOC.
SOC
and AOC terminology effectively describe to our clients the
communications frequency and performance: capabilities of alternatives for
mobile computing solutions.
SOC clients can work effectively in a disconnected mode and take advantage of wireless or wired connections when they are available while AOC clients must be connected all or most of the time to be effective.

39. SOC Clients
SOC clients have the ability to store large amounts of data on the mobile device and provide the user with a complete application solution even when the user does not have a wireless or wired data connection.
Data updates can occur when wireless, Internet dialup, network or desktop synchronization connections are available. Regardless of connectivity, productive work can proceed. Data updates, when they do occur, can be fast bursts of small amounts of data rather than entire screen images that AOC clients employ.
SOC client technology typically requires a Pocket PC or WinCE device in order to have sufficient processing power and data storage capability. AOC clients have small amounts of data or no data on board the device.

40. AOC Clients
AOC clients require a wireless connection that is always on to be able to access
data and the user interface, or screen image.
AOC clients typically use a browser for application interactions. Internet-like HTML or WAP is employed by the browser to view web pages that are especially designed for the smaller screens of mobile devices.
AOC clients require transmission of the data and screen image for each user action. Consequently, mobile workers need a wireless connection constantly available in order to effectively use AOC client mobile devices.