1. Chapter 12 ppt 3 The Lymphatic System Disorders
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
Seventh Edition
Elaine N. Marieb
Chapter 12 ppt 3 The Lymphatic System Disorders
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

2. Immunodeficiency
Lack of properly functioning immune cells, or lack of any immunity at all
Congenital (SCIDS)
Acquired (AIDS)
Born with it
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3. SCIDS (severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome)
“Bubble boy” disease - immune system never develops after birth
low # of B cells
Sterile conditions necessary
Bone marrow transplant as treatment
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

4. AIDS Caused by HIV virus destroys T helper Cells and suppresses CMI
Transmission = Blood to blood contact and other body fluids
Risks = any exposure to blood
Sex (unprotected), surgery, transfusions, sharing IV needles, pregnancy
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5. AIDS Diagnosis =blood test for HIV antibodies
Can’t detect until approx. 3-6 mos. After exposure
Note: ~100 asymptomatic carriers for every new case
HIV+ vs HIV
HIV+ means HIV Ab’s are present
due to presence of HIV in body
HIV- can be a false negative test if tested too
early after exposure
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6. AIDS Host cells = T Helper Cells
Latency period, can remain HIV+ for yrs maybe even up to 20 yrs before getting AIDS, HIV will eventually kill too many TH cells leading to death.
AIDS = TH cells < 200/mm3
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

7. AIDS
Preventions/risks = most at risk people are IV drug users, anyone taking part in unprotected sex, homosexuals, babies with HIV+ moms, & medical personnel
Effects = cause opportunistic diseases, rare cancer (due to AIDS), and eventually death
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8. AIDS
Treatments = AZT and other med “cocktails” to slow viral replication
Cure = none (gene mutation – CCR5)
Controversy = HIV vaccine?
Who to give it to, how weak does it need to be, will it cause HIV+ infection and eventually AIDS?
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

10. Cancer
Tc (Cytotoxic T Cells) and NK (Natural Killer) cells attack cancer cells!
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11. Autoimmune Diseases
CMI and AMI attack body’s own tissues due to multiple unknown causes
Require immunosuppressive drugs (ex Cyclosporine) as treatment
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12. Examples of Autoimmune Diseases
M.S. (multiple sclerosis) – myelin sheath around nerves attacked
Juvenile diabetes –pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin attacked
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13. Autoimmune Diseases R.A. (Rheumatoid Arthritis) – joints attacked
SLE (Lupus) – affects kidney, heart, lung and skin attacked
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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

14. Allergies (Hypersensitivity)
Protein-hapten combination occurs for allergic response
Immune response overreacts to own cells
Caused by allergens
examples of allergens - insect stings, food, pollen, mold, pet dander, chemicals in soaps and lotions, etc
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15. Allergy Mechanisms Figure 12.17 Slide 12.48
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16. Allergic Reactions (Hypersensitivity)
Immediate hypersensitivity - (AMI) w/in seconds or minutes or hours.
Delayed hypersensitivity – (CMI) w/in 1-3 days after exposure
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17. Allergic Reactions (Hypersensitivity)
Most serious immediate hypersensitivity is called Anaphylactic shock
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18. Allergies (Hypersensitivity)
Diagnosis- skin prick test
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19. Allergies (Hypersensitivity)
Treatments
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20. Organ Transplants Donor vs. Recipient Slide 12.46a
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21. Organ Transplants Autografts Isografts Slide 12.46a
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22. Organ Transplants Allografts Xenografts Slide 12.46a
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23. Organ Transplants and Rejection
Success of transplants?
Autografts and isografts =100%
Allografts- depends on…
>75% HLA protein match between organs of donor/recipient
blood type match
Size and age
Transplants determined by need!
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24. Organ Transplants how transplants are how to donate organs
transported, but only limited
amount of time to get it there
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25. Organ Transplants and Rejection
Rejection of transplant due to:
Tc cells (CMI) attack transplanted tissue
So...immunosuppressive drugs necessary
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Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings