1. Ch 47 – The Body’s Defense Systems
Vocabulary Review
Ch 47 – The Body’s Defense Systems

2. A disease that is caused by pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protists
Infectious Disease

3. The scientific study of disease
Pathogen

4. A four-stage procedure that Robert Koch formulated for identifying a specific pathogen as the cause of a specific disease
Koch’s postulates

5. The layer of epithelial tissue that covers internal surfaces of the body and that secretes mucus
Mucous membrane

6. Inflammatory response
A protective response of tissues affected by disease or injury, characterized by redness, swelling, and pain
Inflammatory response

7. A chemical that stimulates the autonomous nervous system, secretion of gastric juices, and dilation of capillaries
Histamine

8. A cell that ingests and destroys (digests) foreign matter or microorganisms
Phagocyte

9. A large leukocyte that contains a lobed nucleus and many cytoplasmic granules
Neutrophil

10. An immune system cell that engulfs pathogens and other materials
Macrophage

11. A type of white blood cell that is present in individuals who have not been immunized and that kills a variety of cells
Natural killer cell

12. A system of proteins that circulate in the bloodstream and that combine with antibodies to protect against antigens
Complement system

13. A protein that is produced by cells infected by a virus and that can protect uninfected cells from reproduction of the virus
Interferon

14. The cells and tissues that recognize and attack foreign substances in the body
Immune system

15. A type of white blood cell that exists in two primary forms, T cells and B cells
Lymphocyte

16. The gland that produces T lymphocytes
Thymus

17. The largest lymphatic organ in the body; serves as a blood reservoir, disintegrates old red blood cells, and produces lymphocytes and plasmids
Spleen

18. A white blood cell that matures in bones and makes antibodies
B cell

19. A cell that derives from the thymus and that participates in many immune reactions mediated by cells
T cell

20. A substance that stimulates an immune response
Antigen

21. The reaction of the body against an antigen
Immune response

22. A white blood cell necessary for B cells to develop normal levels of antibodies
Helper T Cell

23. Cell-mediated immune response
An immune response that functions to defend cells against invasion by foreign cells and that depends on the action of T cells
Cell-mediated immune response

24. A type of T cell that recognizes and destroys infected cells and cancer cells
Cytotoxic T cell

25. Humoral immune response
A type of immune response that is produced by the action of antibodies within body fluids
Humoral immune response

26. A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies
Plasma cell

27. A protein that reacts to a specific antigen or that inactivates or destroys toxins
Antibody

28. An immune system B cell or T cell that does not respond the first time that it meets with an antigen or an invading cell but that recognizes and attacks the antigen or invading cell during subsequent infections
Memory cell

29. The ability to resist an infectious disease
Immunity

30. The administration of treated microorganisms or material from a pathogen into humans or animals to induce an immune response
Vaccination

31. A physical response to an antigen, which can be a common substance that produces little or no response in the general population
Allergy

32. A lung disorder characterized by labored breathing due to narrowing of the bronchioles; associated with shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing; and caused by a reaction to certain irritants
Asthma

33. A disease in which the immune system attacks the organism’s own cells
Autoimmune disease

34. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, a disease caused by HIV; an infection that results in an ineffective immune system
AIDS

35. Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS
HIV

36. Opportunistic infection
An infection caused by a mircoorganism that normally does not cause disease but that becomes pathogenic if the patient’s immune system is weakened
Opportunistic infection