1. When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the universe. John Muir When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the universe. John Muir

3. Homework – Share out 1 – 2 minutes per team member 1 – 2 minutes per team member 1. Identify the situation 1. Identify the situation 2. Describe the graph 2. Describe the graph 3. Explain your conclusion 3. Explain your conclusion

4. Biomagnification

5. www.lab-initio.com

6. DDT and Bioaccumulation (absorbed or stored in organs) and Biomagnification (through a food chain) Fig. 11-4 p. 231

7. Biomagnification Definition: Definition: Biomagnification, is the increase in concentration of a substance, such as the pesticide DDT, that occurs in a food chain Biomagnification, is the increase in concentration of a substance, such as the pesticide DDT, that occurs in a food chain

8. The Problem: Peregrine Falcons Extirpated from much of U.S. http://www.iowaccess.org/main/news/newsimages/peregrine.jpg

9. Osprey and Bald Eagles were declining, as well. http://www.state.tn.us/twra/graphics/OSPREY.jpg http://www.state.tn.us/twra/graphics/BLDEAGLE.jpg

10. Meanwhile, in Borneo: Roofs began to fall Roofs began to fall Gecko-eating cats began to die, Gecko-eating cats began to die, and thriving rats brought plague and typhus and thriving rats brought plague and typhus The World Health Organization began to parachute cats into Borneo, but what was causing these problems? The World Health Organization began to parachute cats into Borneo, but what was causing these problems? http://www.herpafauna.com/pics/geckos/a-felinus.jpg

12. The problem magnifies: MethylMercury concentrates just like DDT and damages human Nervous Systems MethylMercury concentrates just like DDT and damages human Nervous Systems A person who eats one meal of lake trout from Lake Michigan will be exposed to more PCBs in one meal than in a lifetime of drinking water from the lake! A person who eats one meal of lake trout from Lake Michigan will be exposed to more PCBs in one meal than in a lifetime of drinking water from the lake!

13. Mercury Health Effects

14. Case Study: PCBs PCBs, or polychlorinated biphenyls, are a group of man-made chemicals. PCBs, or polychlorinated biphenyls, are a group of man-made chemicals. Introduced in 1929 and widely used in electrical transformers, cosmetics, varnishes, inks, carbonless copy paper, pesticides and for general weatherproofing and fire-resistant coatings to wood and plastic. Introduced in 1929 and widely used in electrical transformers, cosmetics, varnishes, inks, carbonless copy paper, pesticides and for general weatherproofing and fire-resistant coatings to wood and plastic. The federal government banned the production of PCBs in 1976 The federal government banned the production of PCBs in 1976 PCBs can effect the immune system, fertility, child development and possibly increase the risk of certain cancers PCBs can effect the immune system, fertility, child development and possibly increase the risk of certain cancers PCBs, or polychlorinated biphenyls, are a group of man-made chemicals. PCBs, or polychlorinated biphenyls, are a group of man-made chemicals. Introduced in 1929 and widely used in electrical transformers, cosmetics, varnishes, inks, carbonless copy paper, pesticides and for general weatherproofing and fire-resistant coatings to wood and plastic. Introduced in 1929 and widely used in electrical transformers, cosmetics, varnishes, inks, carbonless copy paper, pesticides and for general weatherproofing and fire-resistant coatings to wood and plastic. The federal government banned the production of PCBs in 1976 The federal government banned the production of PCBs in 1976 PCBs can effect the immune system, fertility, child development and possibly increase the risk of certain cancers PCBs can effect the immune system, fertility, child development and possibly increase the risk of certain cancers

15. The Problem is ongoing: PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) PAHs (polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) PAHs (polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) Heavy metals: Heavy metals: mercury mercury copper copper cadmium cadmium chromium chromium lead lead nickel nickel zinc zinc tin tin TBT (tributyltin) TBT (tributyltin) mercury from gold mining mercury from gold mining cyanide cyanide selenium selenium The number of new molecules we introduce into our environment continues to increase.

16. The Ultimate Solution? Models are being developed to predict toxicity of new chemicals Models are being developed to predict toxicity of new chemicals Pollution control must be intensified: Pollution control must be intensified: Zero Tolerance in the Great Lakes? Education: Increase awareness so Education: Increase awareness so everyone will decrease use and dispose of chemicals properly.

17. Biomagnification Through the Food Chain

18. Horton, in Dr. Seuss’s Horton Hears a Who “We’ve GOT to make noise in greater amounts! So, open your mouth, lad! For every voice counts!”