1. Doryphoros Kleobis & Biton Menkaure, Hathor, and Cynopolite Nome

4. King Minos’ Palace at Knossos on Crete

5. Plan: Palace of Minos

6. Mycenaen Lion Gate

8. Hermes by Praxiteles Archeological Museum, Olympia 343 BCE 7 ft. high

9. Epidauros

11. Aphrodite of Arles Praxiteles introduced the idea of showing goddesses nude to reveal their sexual nature.

12. Discobolus Balance, harmony, simplicity of surface, proportion, excellence, virtue, beauty, humanism, glory, justice, order, courage, rational thinking, intelligence

13. Aspasia Roman Copy Philosopher Teacher Pericles is Associated with her.

14. Socrates, 469-399 Short, stocky, muscular, pot- bellied, snub-nosed, and bald

15. Plato, Socrates’ pupil Psyche is seat of intelligence / character Immortal and immutable—stays in memory Idealism: eternal perfection, pure ideas untainted by material reality Invisible world of eternal Forms or Ideas Psyche trapped in material world and physical body glimpses higher order

16. Plato continued Advocated sex for procreation Severe discipline in physical and mental training – like intellectual boot camp Intellectual pursuit of Form or Idea of Beauty, Justice, Love through study of mathematics. Leads to superior knowledge City leaders should be Philosopher Kings All results from rational thinking

17. Aristotle, Plato’s pupil Happiness – every living thing wants to be happy; represents the GOOD Animals –Lion tries to kill gazelle –Gazelle tries to run away –Both actions are good because natural –Animals can’t do wrong because ruled by instinct by choice

18. Aristotle continued People – ruled by reason/choice Above animals because they can control emotions and instincts (logic). Logic makes us human A GOOD human –Doing what is right more than not doing what is wrong

19. To be good is the same as being excellent—arete People must also be good human beings by choice; that places them above animals –Must be governed by reason, not by instincts or emotions –Avoid extremes of behavior; act in moderation –Extremes are bad –Middle choice is good = VIRTUE

20. Only humans can achieve virtue, not animals, because people choose Being virtuous is being truly human Virtues are learned through doing them over and over until they become a habit Children must be taught the right behavior Nature/nurture argument today. What is greatest? Nature? Nurture? Peers.

21. Athena Roman copy of 5 th century sculpture Phidias was sculptor who signed the original

22. Athena Phidias in 5 th Century Athens Roman copy

24. The six statues of women who hold up Doric architecture in the Acropolis were of six graceful women from the island of Karyai, chosen for their beauty and most visibly showing the classical qualities of dignity, serenity, beauty and finery. They are among the most photographed artifacts of Athens.

25. Sappho

26. Poets Sappho and Alcaeus 450 BCE

27. Vase, about 440-430 BCE, from the Polygnotos workshop, Athens Sappho reading to students or friends.

28. Sappho Pompeii 60 CE

29. Sappho One of the best known images of the poet Classical revival style by German sculptor von Dannecker. 1800

30. Sappho and Phaon Jacques Louis David Neoclassical Scroll of her verse that praises Phaon

31. Death of Sappho Daumier 1846

37. Metopes: conflicts between men and enemies (centaurs, for example) Pediments: on either end (East: Athena) (West: struggle between Athena & Poseidon) Frieze: colorful procession climaxing Athena’s festival, the Great Panathenaia