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2. Tuberculosis is a disease caused by an infection with the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. During the 19th century, up to 25 per cent of deaths in Europe were caused by this disease. The death toll began to fall as living standards improved at the start of the 20th century, and from the 1940s, effective medicines were developed. However, there are now more people in the world with TB than there were in 1950, and 3 million individuals will die this year from this disease - mainly in less developed countries. The disease is more common in areas of the world where poverty, malnutrition, poor general health and social disruption are present.

3. First and foremost, tuberculosis is a disease of the lungs. However, the infection can spread via blood from the lungs to all organs in the body. This means that you can develop tuberculosis in the pleura (the covering of the lungs), in the bones, the urinary tract and sexual organs, the intestines and even in the skin. Tuberculous meningitis is sometimes seen in newly infected children. This form of the disease is a life- threatening condition.

4. Phylum :Actinobactaria Order:Actinomyceales Sub order: Corynebacteriaceae Family: Mycobacteriaceae Genus: Mycobacterium Species: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

5. Typical signs of tuberculosis are: chronic or persistent cough and sputum production. If the disease is at an advanced stage the sputum will contain blood. Fatigue. lack of appetite. weight loss. fever. night sweats.

6. Blood tests Blood tests may be used to confirm or rule out latent or active tuberculosis. These tests use sophisticated technology to measure your immune system's reaction to TB bacteria. These tests may be useful if you're at high risk of TB infection but have a negative response to the skin test, or if you received the BCG vaccine. Chest X-ray If you've had a positive skin test, your doctor is likely to order a chest X-ray. This may show white spots in your lungs where your immune system has walled off TB bacteria, or it may reveal changes in your lungs caused by active tuberculosis.

7. Sputum tests If your chest X-ray shows signs of tuberculosis, your doctor may take a sample of your sputum — the mucus that comes up when you cough. The samples are tested for TB bacteria. These bacteria can also be tested to see if they are resistant to the effects of medications commonly used to treat tuberculosis. This helps your doctor choose the medications that are most likely to work. How is tuberculosis treated? Today, treatment involves three or four different kinds of antibiotics given in combination over six to nine months. Multiple medicines are necessary to prevent the emergence of resistance, which would lead to treatment failure and the nightmare of multiple drug-resistant organisms.

8. Good advice If you travel in countries where tuberculosis is a problem, get vaccinated and avoid socialising with people who have a persistent cough. Make sure that you eat well and enjoy plenty of sunlight and exercise. Seek medical attention if you develop a cough that persists for more than three weeks.