1. Unit Six
Building an Empire

2. Chapter 19
Foreign Policy: Setting a Course for Expansion

3. Foreign Policy Foreign Policy Diplomacy Commodore Perry
Set of guidelines and practices that a nation follows in its relations with other nations
Diplomacy
Art of conducting negotiations with other nations
Commodore Perry
Japan

4. Washington’s Farewell Address
Neutrality
The policy of not taking sides in wars between other nations
Unilateralism
A policy of not seeking military or political alliances with foreign powers

5. Realism vs. Idealism Realism Idealism
International relations should be guided by pragmatic self- interest –practical goals such as national defense and access resources
Idealism
The belief that moral values should influence relations
Staying home sick? Idealist or Realist

6. Idealistic or Realistic?
Cold War
National Parks
Revolutionary War
War in Iraq
Favors?

7. War of 1812 Treaty of Ghent Peace between U.S. and U.K.
Treaty of Ghent
Peace between U.S. and U.K.
“Not one inch of territory ceded or lost”

8. Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine Non-Colonization Non-Interference
Declaration warning European powers against future colonization in the Western Hemisphere or interference in Latin American republics.
Non-Colonization
Non-Interference

9. Expansion through Diplomacy

10. Texas Revolution Texas owned by Mexico Abolished Slavery
Americans moved in
Abolished Slavery
Upset Americans in Mexico
Texas Revolution
Alamo

11. Mexican-American War James K. Polk Provokes a War Treaty of Guadalupe
Disagreed with Mexico on Texas border
Provokes a War
Sends troops to the Rio Grande
Mexican-American War
Treaty of Guadalupe
U.S. received = Texas border, Texas west to California
Mexico received = $15 Million

12. Treaty of Guadalupe

13. Beginnings of Imperialism
Empire building
Protectorate
Nation protected and controlled by a stronger nation
Realist or Idealist?

14. Proof is in the Pudding

15. How Should We Expand?
Henry Cabot Lodge Carl Schurz Josiah Strong Alfred T. Mahan

16. Chapter 20
The Spanish-American War

17. Hearst vs. Pulitzer New York Journal New York World Yellow Journalism
Exaggerated style of reporting with sensational news stories
Mass Media
Methods of communicating to a mass audience.

18. Yellow Journalism

19. Cuban Struggles Want Independence from Spain Idealism Realism
Americans empathize with Cubans
Realism
Americans want to protect business interests

20. Mass Media Hysteria! Cuban Struggle de Lome Letter USS Maine
Hearst and Pulitzer exaggerated Spanish rule
de Lome Letter
Spanish ambassador has letter stolen
Letter criticizes President McKinley
Letter published in the New York Journal
USS Maine
U.S. ship explodes in Havana harbor
Hearst and Pulitzer blame the Spanish

21. Spanish – American War, 1898 Investigation on USS Maine
1898, Mine responsible
1976, accidental explosion
US declares war on Spain
Media to blame?

22. Spanish – American War, 1898 Did we need to go to war? de Lome Letter
USS Maine explosion

23. Spanish – American War, 1898 Philippines Cuba
American soldiers and Filipino rebels
Joined forces, defeat Spanish in Philippines
Cuba
Rough Riders
U.S. Volunteer Cavalry handpicked by Theodore Roosevelt
San Juan Hill

24. The Teller Amendment Resolution Cuba
A formal statement about a course of action
Cuba
Promised to help overthrow Spanish rile
Military force and aid
Promised to liberate Cuba after war
After the war They found out we were just kidding about that last part.

25. Treaty of Paris Cuba granted Independence
Puerto Rico and Guam ceded to U.S.
Philippines cede to U.S. for $20 Million
U.S. is now a colonial empire

27. Should we accept the Treaty?
Anti-Imperialist League
Organization against the establishment of U.S. colonies
Mark Twain
Supporters
Theodore Roosevelt and William McKinley

28. Platt Amendment Allowed the U.S. to intervene in Cuban affairs
Allowed U.S. to buy and lease land for naval bases
U.S. business interests owned 60% of the Cuban economy

29. Chapter 21
Acquiring and Managing Global Power

30. Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy
Big Stick Policy
Roosevelt Corollary
Did it work?

31. Taft’s Foreign Policy
Dollar Diplomacy
Did it work?

32. Wilson’s Foreign Policy
Moral Diplomacy
Self-determination
Did it work?

33. Panama Canal U.S. helps Panama overthrow Colombian Rule Panama Canal
Improved international trade

34. Panama Canal
Locks
Gates that raise and lower water levels, allowing ships to travel the canal

36. U.S. and Mexico American Businessmen Francisco Madero
Tried to overthrow government
Killed by his general Victoriano Huerta
American Businessmen
Wanted Wilson to recognize Huerta government
Wilson refused to recognize a “government of butchers”
Idealist or Realist

37. U.S. and Mexico Wilson and Huerta Almost go to war Outcry
Wilson sent troops to Veracruz
Aid revolution against Huerta
Outcry
Mexican and Americans

38. Puerto Rico Civilian government Military government infrastructure
Puerto Ricans became frustrated with U.S.
Jones Act, 1917
Puerto Rico becomes a U.S. territory
Idealist or Realist

39. Philippines Philippines wants independence Emilio Aguinaldo
Leader of Filipino resistance
Philippines wants independence
U.S. denied them freedom
Try to start own government
U.S. doesn’t recognize it
Aguinaldo Rebels
War breaks out
200,000 Filipinos die
US rebuild Philippines

40. Hawaii Queen Liliuokalani 1893, U.S. forces overthrow Liliuokalani
American controlled Economy
Sugarcane and Pineapple
Queen Liliuokalani
1891, new constitution
White planters weren’t happy
1893, U.S. forces overthrow Liliuokalani
Debate raged in the U.S.

41. Made in China Spheres of Influence
Areas where a single nation controlled trading rights

42. Open Door Policy, 1899
All foreign nations are allowed to trade freely with China

43. The Boxer Rebellion
Group of Chinese who wanted to remove foreign influence from China
They led an insurrection
Rebellion
Crushed by foreign powers