1. OECD Skills Strategy Youth Employment Forum 14 December 2011 Translating better skills into better economic and social outcomes Youth Employment Workshop 14 December 2011

2. OECD Skills Strategy Youth Employment Forum 14 December 2011 Overview  Skills matter for individuals... because skills have an increasing impact on labour market outcomes and social participation …and for economies because failure to ensure a good skills match has both short- term consequences (skills shortages) and longer- term effects on economic growth and equality of opportunities …but better skills do not automatically translate into higher incomes and higher productivity Success with converting skills into jobs and growth depends on whether –we know what those skills are that drive economic outcomes –the right mix of skills is being taught and learned in effective, equitable and efficient ways –economies and labour-markets fully utilize their skill potential –Governments build strong coalitions with the social partners to find sustainable approaches to who should pay for what, when and where.

3. OECD Skills Strategy Youth Employment Forum 14 December 2011 Many countries have done well in getting more people to higher qualifications

4. OECD Skills Strategy Youth Employment Forum 14 December 2011 A world of change – higher education Tertiary-type A graduation rate Graduate supply Cost per student

5. OECD Skills Strategy Youth Employment Forum 14 December 2011 A world of change – higher education Tertiary-type A graduation rate Graduate supply Cost per student United States Finland

6. OECD Skills Strategy Youth Employment Forum 14 December 2011 A world of change – higher education Tertiary-type A graduation rate United Kingdom

7. OECD Skills Strategy Youth Employment Forum 14 December 2011 A world of change – higher education Tertiary-type A graduation rate Australia

8. OECD Skills Strategy Youth Employment Forum 14 December 2011 A world of change – higher education Tertiary-type A graduation rate

9. OECD Skills Strategy Youth Employment Forum 14 December 2011 A world of change – higher education Tertiary-type A graduation rate

10. OECD Skills Strategy Youth Employment Forum 14 December 2011 A world of change – higher education Tertiary-type A graduation rate

11. OECD Skills Strategy Youth Employment Forum 14 December 2011 A world of change – higher education Tertiary-type A graduation rate

12. OECD Skills Strategy Youth Employment Forum 14 December 2011 A world of change – higher education Tertiary-type A graduation rate

13. OECD Skills Strategy Youth Employment Forum 14 December 2011 A world of change – higher education Tertiary-type A graduation rate

14. OECD Skills Strategy Youth Employment Forum 14 December 2011 A world of change – higher education Tertiary-type A graduation rate Finland

15. OECD Skills Strategy Youth Employment Forum 14 December 2011 A world of change – higher education Tertiary-type A graduation rate United States

16. PIAAC OECD Programme for the international assessment of adult competencies Lisbon Council 15 September 2011 Andreas Schleicher The composition of the global talent pool has changed… Countries’ share in the population with tertiary education, for 25-34 and 55-64 year- old age groups, percentage (2009) 55-64-year-old population 25-34-year-old population About 39 million people who attained tertiary level About 81 million people who attained tertiary level

17. PIAAC OECD Programme for the international assessment of adult competencies Lisbon Council 15 September 2011 Andreas Schleicher The composition of the global talent pool has changed… Countries’ share in the population with tertiary education, for 25-34 and 55-64 year- old age groups, percentage (2009)

18. PIAAC OECD Programme for the international assessment of adult competencies Lisbon Council 15 September 2011 Andreas Schleicher Skills matter for individuals… …because skills have an increasing impact on labour market outcomes and social participation

19. OECD Skills Strategy Youth Employment Forum 14 December 2011 Low skills and economic outcomes Odds are adjusted for age, gender and immigration status.

20. OECD Skills Strategy Youth Employment Forum 14 December 2011 Marginal probability of being unemployed by skill decile Adjusted for age, gender, foreign language status, and country.

21. OECD Skills Strategy Youth Employment Forum 14 December 2011 Low skills and social outcomes Odds are adjusted for age, gender, pand immigration status.

22. OECD Skills Strategy Youth Employment Forum 14 December 2011 Keeping learning beyond school Cross-sectional skill-age profiles for youths by education and work status Youth in education Youth in education and work Youth in work Not in education, not in work

23. PIAAC OECD Programme for the international assessment of adult competencies Lisbon Council 15 September 2011 Andreas Schleicher Matching supply and demand.

24. OECD Skills Strategy Youth Employment Forum 14 December 2011 Skill use by occupational groups Source: PIAAC Field trial

25. OECD Skills Strategy Youth Employment Forum 14 December 2011 Skill mismatch by occupational groups Source: PIAAC Field trial

26. OECD Skills Strategy Youth Employment Forum 14 December 2011 Evidence on the link between skill mismatch and earnings  Skill mismatch and earnings are strongly related

27. PIAAC OECD Programme for the international assessment of adult competencies Lisbon Council 15 September 2011 Andreas Schleicher We can do better (probably a lot)

28. PIAAC OECD Programme for the international assessment of adult competencies Lisbon Council 15 September 2011 Andreas Schleicher What we need to resolve…  Some people have poor foundation skills  Shortages, skills gaps exist  Skills are underutilised (unemployment, low rates of labour market participation)  There is evidence of mismatch  Are we skilling for future jobs (quantity and quality)?

29. OECD Skills Strategy Youth Employment Forum 14 December 2011