1. Common Autoimmune Diseases Rheumatoid arthritis-T-cell attack causing damage and inflammation of bone joints. Juvenile diabetes-cell- mediated attack of insulin producing cells (beta cells) in pancreas. Multiple sclerosis-T-cells attack myelin sheath of neurons. Lupus-immune attack on skin and vital organs. Rheumatoid Arthritis

2. Immunological basis for organ/skin graft rejection? Transplant rejection: person’s immune system recognizes the donor’s cells/organ as foreign and attacks. To minimize rejection donors with self proteins matching the recipient’s as closely as possible is found Drugs are used to suppress the immune system. Donors and recipients may not be related.

3. Immunodeficiency Diseases Result from faulty immune system. EXAMPLES: 1. Bubble Boy-SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency)-a marked deficit in both T and B cells. 2. Hodgkin Disease Cancer that affects number of lymphocytes 3. AIDS/HIV David Vetter, the boy with SCID whose fate was dramatized in the 1970s by a documentary film

4. AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) HIV attacks helper T cells, the cells which activate T cells and B cells. Since 1981 AIDS has killed more than 20 million people. 40 million people are living with the virus. In some African nations over 1/3 of the adult population is infected. Death usually results not from HIV but other life threatening infections.