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Chapter 18 Industry and Urban Growth
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Chapter 18 Aim: to identify why industry boomed.
Do now: What is the state of the economy like in the West?
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United States becomes an Industrial Leader
U.S. has a greater concentration of the most needed natural resources for modern industry. Among these include: Iron Ore Coal Lumber Oil Mineral Resources (gold, silver, etc.)
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Chapter 18 section 1 Advances in Oil and Steel Industries
Oil & Steel = 2 fastest growing industries in late 1800's Kerosene, one of first products to be refined, used to light lamps Gasoline, created from oil led to the creation of many new jobs *Bessemer Process = a method for producing a stronger type of steel
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Chapter 18 Aim: to identify significant inventors of the 19th and 20th centuries Do now: What was the impact of the Bessemer Process?
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Chapter 18 Section 1 Inventors and Inventions
Patent – a document giving someone the sole right to make and sell an invention.
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Chapter 18 Section 1 Thomas Edison
Research facility in Menlo Park, New Jersey Invented the Light bulb, Motion Picture Camera, Phonograph and hundreds more
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Chapter 18 Section 1 Phonograph Motion Picture Camera
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Chapter 18 Section 1 Alexander Graham Bell Invented telephone in 1876
Replaced the telegraph Patent for telephone was the most valuable ever.
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Chapter 18 Section 1 “Mr. Watson, Come here. I want you.”
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Chapter 18 Section 1 Henry Ford Made automobile available to millions
Assembly Line – manufacturing method in which a product is put together as it moves along a belt
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Chapter 18 Section 1
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Chapter 18 Section 1 Wilbur and Orville Wright
Tested gas powered airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina in 1903 First plane flew 12 seconds for 120 feet Longest flight lasted 59 seconds
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Chapter 18 Section 1
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Chapter 18 Section 1 Christopher Sholes: Typewriter
George Eastman: Camera
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Chapter 18 Section 2 Aim: to discuss the growth of big business
Do Now: List one inventor we learned yesterday who has made an impact on your life and why.
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Chapter 18 Section 2 Aim: to identify the impact of Big Business Owners Do Now: How did the assembly line impact the growth of business?
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Chapter 18 Section 2 New Business
Entrepreneur- someone who sets up new business to make a profit Corporation- business owned by many investors Banks lend large amounts of money to corporations, industry grows fast and banks get rich
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Chapter 18 Section 2 Monopoly- a company that controls most or all of its business.
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Chapter 18 Section 2 Andrew Carnegie Poor Scottish immigrant
Worked his way up in the railroad industry His companies owned iron mines, steel mills, railroads, and shipping lines.
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Chapter 18 Section 2 John D. Rockefeller Invested in Oil company
Formed Standard Oil Trust Trust- group of corporations run by a single board of directors
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Chapter 18 Section 2 Aim: to identify the conditions of the workplace.
Do now: Was Big Business good or bad for the nation? Explain
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Chapter 18 Section 2 Critics believed in Free Enterprise – privately owned businesses compete freely Others believed big business owners boosted economy and created jobs Big businesses believed in “survival of the fittest”
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Chapter 18 Section 2 Conditions in the Workplace
Before Civil War, factories were small As industry grew, factories grew, millions of immigrants worked in factories
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Chapter 18 Section 2 Women and Children
Women and Children worked in factories under terrible conditions and long hours Textile, bottle, tobacco, and garment factories
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Chapter 18 Section 2
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Chapter 18 Section 2 Dangerous conditions
Lung disease from fibers and dust Steelworkers were burned or killed by molten metal Employers felt conditions were necessary to cut costs
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Chapter 18 Section 2 Aim: to analyze primary sources on Big Business
Do Now: What conditions led to the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire?
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Chapter 18 Section 2 Workers Unite
Due to dangerous working conditions & tragedies like the Triangle Shirt Waste Factory Fire, labor unions formed
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Chapter 18 Section 2 Knights of Labor- 1879 grew strong
Public rallies instead of strikes Violence at Haymarket Square gave negative image from public
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Chapter 18 Section 2 Samuel Gompers- created American Federation of Labor (AFL) Admitted only skilled workers Collective Bargaining- union negotiates with management for workers as a group Worked well, but only included a fraction of the workers.
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Chapter 18 Section 2 Women lead the way in forming unions
1893 severe economic depression Pullman Strike Chicago, George Pullman cuts pay by 25% Workers go on strike, including railroad workers. Strike turned violent, public sided with owners
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Chapter 18 Section 2 Medal of Honor In their own words
Salvatore Giunta Giunta Story
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Chapter 18 Section 3 Aim: to identify the growth of the American City
Do Now: Why did the public have a negative opinion about Unions *Quiz Tomorrow: Chapter 18 sections 1-3
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Chapter 18 Section 3 Rapid Growth
Urbanization: rapid growth of city populations 1860, 1 in 5 people lived in cities 1890, 1 in 3 lived in cities U.S. has cities comparable to Paris and London
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Chapter 18 Section 3 New technology helped cities grow
Elevated trains, electric street car, subway trains, elevators, steel framed buildings Steel bridges and public transportation allowed people to live in suburbs Buildings were built upward, first “skyscraper” was 10 stories
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Chapter 18 Section 3 City Life
Tenements= buildings divided into tiny apartments 10 people often lived in single room Settlement House= center offering help to urban poor
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Chapter 18 Section 3 Department Stores= downtown shopping attracts tons of people Leisure Activity= Museums, orchestras, art galleries, theatres, Circuses Sports= 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings 1891 James Naismith
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Chapter 18 Section 4 Aim: to identify the difficult journey of an immigrant Do Now: What did people do for leisure in the cities
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Chapter 18 Section 4 A fresh Start
Between million immigrants came to the U.S.
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Chapter 18 Section 4 Push Factors Dwindling farmland in home country
Religious freedom Political unrest Pull Factors Land of opportunity Availability of jobs Promise of freedom
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Chapter 18 Section 4 Starting a new life Trip by boat was miserable
Many crammed into steerage, large compartments below decks usually holding cattle
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Chapter 18 Section 4
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Chapter 18 Section 4 Most people from Europe went through Ellis Island
Asian immigrants entered through Angel Island in San Francisco Rigorous physical exams Disabled and ill could be sent home
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