2. Normal CellsCancerous Cells All organelles are able to communicate Not all organelles are functional If it becomes too big it undergoes apoptosis Cannot undergo apoptosis Has minimal DNA mutationsHas a large amount of DNA mutations Can replicate 50-100 times before cell death Can replicate an unlimited amount of times http://www.cancer.gov/cancertop ics/cancerlibrary/what-is-cancer

3. http://www.encognitive.com/node/10346 Normal CellsCancerous Cells Fully functionalNot all are functional All are needed to perform functions Not all are “necessary” Normal sizeNon-functional ones smaller (ex: cytoplasm, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum) Normal amountMultiple copies of some (nucleus, nucleolus) http://www.rudyard.org/normal- cells-vs-cancer-cells/

4. Normal CellsCancerous Cells Have one nucleusCan have multiple nuclei Have one nucleolusCan have multiple nucleolus’ Gene mutations are minimal and do not affect the cell’s productivity A large amount of gene mutations that cause the cell to mutate more and grow uncontrollably http://www.nature.com/nrc/journal/v4 /n9/fig_tab/nrc1430_F1.html http://article.wn.com/view/2014/08/14/UCSD_mouse_study_lo oks_at_how_breast_cancer_usurps_the_power/ Breast cancer cell with abnormal nuclei

5. Normal CellsCancerous Cells Gene mutations are minimal Gene mutations allow the cell to continually reproduce Tumor suppressor genes are “on” Tumor suppressor genes are turned “off” (for example: the BRCA2 receptor gene is turned off in breast cancer) When telomeres are too short the cell will undergo apoptosis An extra amount of telomerase is produced, allowing the cell to not undergo apoptosis Colony of breast cancer cells http://newscenter.berkeley.e du/2012/12/17/malignant- breast-cells-grow-normally- when-compressed/

6. "Are Telomeres The Key To Aging And Cancer?" Learn.Genetics: Genetic Science Learning Center. University of Utah, n.d. Web. 1 Sept. 2014.. "The Cell." Ed. Jill Hunter and Leigh Eisenman. Dartmouth College, n.d. Web. 28 Aug. 2014.. Cell Biology and Cancer. Rockville, MD: National Institutes of Health, Office of Science Education, 1999. 1-17. Print. "Cells and Cell Structure." CancerQuest. Emory University, 2014 Web. 1 Sept. 2014.. "Cell Structure: The Nucleus." CancerQuest. Emory University, 2014. Web. 1 Sept. 2014.. "Cell Structure: Organelles." CancerQuest. Emory University, 2014. Web. 1 Sept. 2014.. "Leukemia FAQ." Leukemia FAQ. Ohio State University, n.d. Web. 1 Sept. 2014.. "Normal Cell & Cancer Cell." Scribd. Scribd, n.d. Web. 28 Aug. 2014..