1. Communicable and Non Communicable Disease

2. The Truth About Ebola

3. What is a Disease?
Disease, or illness, is an abnormal bodily condition that interferes with normal body functions

4. Communicable Diseases
Spread by
direct contact
indirect contact

5. Noncommunicable Diseases
Causes
Unhealthy choices
Genetic
Environment

6. Two Main Categories for Diseases
Communicable
Passed from one living thing to another by pathogens
bacteria
virus
parasite fungi
Noncommunicable
Cannot be transmitted by contact
-Not spread from one person to another
Explain direct and indirect contact. Explain what is meant by unhealthy choices, genetics, and environment

7. Is this a communicable or noncommunicable disease?
Common cold
Cancer
Drug addiction
Diabetes
The Flu
Heart Disease
Have students discuss each one and connect to a category – justifying their choice
Do not add disease examples as this will be part of the lesson Active Learning section

8. Ways Pathogens are passed
Through the air (sneezing)
Contaminated objects which have bacteria or viruses on door knobs
Person to Person (kissing, shaking hands)
Animals (Lyme disease)
Food and Water (bacteria, improper handling or preparation of foods)

9. Ways to Control Pathogens
Pasteurization- use of heat to kill bacteria (Milk)
Vaccines & Immunity: Vaccines are substances that help your body develop immunity to a disease
(FLIP PAGE)
When injected, they allow your body’s immune system to build a defense against disease.

10. Ways to Control Pathogens
Immunity is resistance to a disease
Antibiotics- substances that can kill bacteria or slow its growth
Viruses are not affected by antibiotics

11. Your Body’s Defenses
Eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and stomach- Pathogens get trapped in mucus or wax and destroyed quickly by enzymes and chemical digestion.
Skin- Of the many layers of cells that create your skin, the outermost layers are dead, therefore the pathogen cannot find a live cell to infect.

12. Your Body’s Defense
Your glands secrete oil onto your skin which contains chemicals that kill pathogens
Immune system- An army of individual cells, tissues, and organs that work together to fight against pathogens

13. Your Body’s Defenses
If skin is burned, cut, or punctured, pathogens may enter your body
Increased blood flow to the injured area sends platelets that help create clots to seal the open wound.

14. Three Types of Cells in the Immune System
1. Macrophages: These cells eat microorganisms or viruses that have entered.
2. T Cells: Help coordinate the immune system, helping to gather antigens (the pieces of bacteria) and produce killer T Cells which kill any cell infected with the antigens.
3. B Cells: Make antibodies. These are proteins that attach to specific pathogens to destroy them.

15. Three Types of Cells in the Immune System
Memory B Cells-It takes 2 weeks to make antibodies for a new pathogen.
This is too long to prevent infection, therefore the first time you are infected, you get sick.
Once created, when that specific pathogen enters the body again, the antibodies are sent quickly to attach to it.

16. Risk Factors for Contracting Disease
Risk factor is something that increases the probability that a person will get a disease
Risk factors include:
Genetics
Unhealthy Choices
Environment/Exposure to Hazardous Materials
Age
Provide students with examples from each of the four risk factor categories.
Genetics:
Cultural: Examples include Sickle Cell Anemia (West African ancestry), Tay-Sachs (Ashkenazi Jewish), Cystic Fibrosis (European heritage), Thalassemia (Mediterranean ancestry), Hereditary hemochromatosis (Northern European ancestry)
Down Syndrome, Parkinson’s Disease
Unhealthy Lifestyle Choices:
Examples include Alcoholism, Obesity, Cancer (liver, lung, throat), Heart Disease, High Cholesterol
Exposure to Hazardous Materials:
Examples include Skin Cancer, Chemical Poisoning (such as lead poisoning), Asthma, Lung Cancer, Malaria, Diarrhea, COPD
Age:
Examples include Dementia, Alzheimer’s, Arthritis, Parkinson’s, Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, Macular Degeneration (blindness), Osteoporosis

17. exposure to hazardous materials
Disease
Communicable
bacteria
Strep throat
virus
Measles
parasite
Lice
Noncommunicable
genetic
Allergies
exposure to hazardous materials
Cancer
Age-Related
Alzheimer's
Graphic Organizer
Tell students that you will be presenting information to assist them with completing this graphic organizer. Students should add information beyond what is presented

18. Video Time!

19. Fevers
1. When the macrophages activate the helper T Cells, they chemically send a signal to the brain to turn up the heat.
2. A slight fever helps you get better by slowing down the growth of some pathogens.
3. Fevers also help the T & B Cells multiply faster.
4. High fevers can cause tissue and blood vessel damage.

20. Challenges to the Immune System
1. Allergies occur when the immune system overreacts to substances (ALLERGENS) that are NOT usually dangerous to the body.
a. Causes: Food, medicine, pollen, dust/dust mites, animal hair & dander, mold, grass, etc.
b. Symptoms: runny nose, itchy eyes, asthma,
Swollen throat, rash, hives, coughing, and sneezing.

21. Challenges to the immune system
2. Autoimmune disease is when the immune system attacks the body’s own cells.
a. The system cannot tell the difference between pathogens and some body cells.
b. Ex. Rheumatoid arthritis, Multiple Sclerosis, Type 1 Diabetes, Lupus.

22. Cancer 1. Cancer is abnormal cell growth.
a. Killer T Cells destroy this type of cell, however, sometimes the cell division gets out of the control of the immune system.
b. Cancer can invade nearby tissues.
c. Cancer can enter into the cardiovascular or lymphatic systems allowing it to travel to other parts of the body.
d. Cancer disrupts normal activities of the organs invaded, often leading to death.
1. Certain radiation or chemical drugs can kill the cancer cells or slow their growth.

23. (AIDS) Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
4.(AIDS) is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
HIV affects the immune system itself.
It uses the helper T Cells to produce more viruses, destroying the T Cells in the process.
This means the B Cells and Killer T Cells cannot be put to work by the T Cells.
Without the T Cells doing their job, the immune system cannot attack HIV or other pathogens.
People with AIDS don’t usually die of AIDS, but from the other diseases that they are unable to fight off without a properly working immune system.