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Postwar Outcomes Soviet forces occupy most of Eastern and Central Europe and Eastern Germany Germany and Berlin are divided into East (U.S.S.R.- communist)

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Presentation on theme: "Postwar Outcomes Soviet forces occupy most of Eastern and Central Europe and Eastern Germany Germany and Berlin are divided into East (U.S.S.R.- communist)"— Presentation transcript:

1 Postwar Outcomes Soviet forces occupy most of Eastern and Central Europe and Eastern Germany Germany and Berlin are divided into East (U.S.S.R.- communist) and West (America, Britain and France- democratic) Japan is occupied by the U.S., becomes a democracy with U.S. military protection

2 How will the US fight Communism? MARSHALL PLAN=U.S. economic aid to rebuild Europe and prevent spread of Communism TRUMAN DOCTRINE=military support for countries fighting against communism (Containment) DETERENCE = mutual destruction with the atomic bomb Mean neither side will bomb the other

3 Alliances and Organizations United Nations – international organization meant to prevent war and conflict/ NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) US and its allies, the West. Protection from Soviet Union Warsaw Pact Soviet Union and its allies, the East Protection from the US and NATO

4 Understanding: The COLD WAR Influenced global politics and U.S. domestic politics, foreign policy and the role of government in the economy for 45 years Competition between two different systems. Democracy and Capitalism (free market economy) Totalitarianism and Socialism (Communism)

5 Containment U.S. policy to provide military support to keep Communism from spreading (okay where it is, but no more) Based on the Truman Doctrine Leads to the Korean Conflict and the Vietnam War

6 Communism in China Increases U.S. fear of Communism Soviets and Chinese become enemies President Nixon uses this in his foreign policy in the 1970’s He travels to China

7 Weapons build up USSR matches US in nuclear weapons in the 1950’s Massive Retaliation Policy (Eisenhower) also known as brinksmanship Threat of nuclear war-destruction of both countries becomes possible.

8 Cold War at Home Fear of Communism and the threat of Nuclear war 50’s and 60’s--U.S. citizens build bomb shelters and schools hold nuclear attack drills Convictions of Soviet spies and Soviet construction of nuclear weapons increase fear Alger Hiss, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

9 Red Scare (McCarthyism) Senator Joseph McCarthy falsely accuses many of being communist--increases fear and destroys careers McCarthyism: making false accusations with little or no evidence, based on rumor or guilt by association

10 Suburban and Commercial America Levittown, Long Island (First real suburban development)

11 Examples of 1950s/1960s Culture Credit Cards Television Franchise Restaurants Rock and Roll Baseball (Jackie Robinson) 1950s Video

12 Division of Korea Divided at the 38th parallel (38 degrees north latitude): Japan surrenders North to the Soviets, and South to the Allies

13 Two nations develop North Korea=Soviet-supported Communist government South Korea=U.S. supported non-Communist government

14 Invasion, June 25, 1950 North Korea invades South Korea, captures nearly all of South Korea

15 Counterattack UN troops under General Douglas MacArthur assist South Korea Successfully fight the North Communist China enters and helps the North

16 Ceasefire 1953, two Koreas agree to keep earlier boundary (38th parallel) The two sides technically remain at war today.

17 Korean War North Korea invades South Korea UNITED NATIONS counterattacks, led by MacArthur Communist China aids North Korea Stalemate results in Communist North and Free South at the 38th Parallel (considered victory for Containment Policy)

18 Communism takes Cuba (remember Cuba is 90 miles off Florida coast!) Fidel Castro leads communist revolution in the late 1950’s Many Cubans flee to Florida Failure of the BAY OF PIGS--U.S. sponsored revolt-- attempt to invade Cuba and overthrow castro

19 Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 U.S.S.R. attempt to place nuclear missiles in Cuba John F. Kennedy orders them removed U.S. blockades Cuba For several days, the world was on the brink of nuclear war Khrushchev backs down (blinks) and removes the missiles

20 Vietnam War North Vietnam, supplied by USSR, tries to install communist government in South North led by Ho Chi Minh U.S. helps South Vietnam’s resistance American military buildup begins with JFK and intensifies with Lyndon Johnson after Kennedy’s assassination in 1963

21 Vietnam War Tonkin Gulf Resolution Gives Johnson ability to send more troops. U.S. military forces defeat North Vietnam in the field but can’t force an end to the war U.S. is divided about the war Active opposition to US involvement, especially on college campuses (Kent State Massacre, 1970) Hawks vs. Doves Johnson decides not to run for re-election, Nixon becomes the next President promising to bring the war to an honorable end.

22 Kent State Massacre, 1970

23 Vietnam War Nixon begins VIETNAMIZATION-replacing U.S. troops with South Vietnamese (SV) troops and U.S. military aid Vietnamization fails SV can’t resist Soviet-supplied NV US troops evacuated Vietnam becomes one, Communist nation Nixon forced from office by the WATERGATE SCANDAL

24 Communism had spread through Asia and Eastern Europe

25 Foreign Policy Becomes major issue in all presidential elections State of Virginia Information Large military expenditures benefit Virginia more than any other state Hampton Roads-military & air bases Northern Virginia-Pentagon Private military contractors

26 Military Strong military was the key to American victory over the Soviet Union in the Cold War Millions of Americans served at great personal and family sacrifice (duty) in conflicts that weren’t always popular Result: US ideals of democracy and freedom prevail in the Cold War

27 American military forces during the Cold War Pres. JFK’s inaugural address pledges U.S. will: “PAY ANY PRICE, BEAR ANY BURDEN, MEET ANY HARDSHIP, SUPPORT ANY FRIEND, OPPOSE ANY FOE IN ORDER TO ASSURE THE SURVIVAL AND SUCCES OF LIBERTY.” “Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.”

28 American military forces during the Cold War Beginning of a period of lack of confidence in government JFK (WW II vet) assassinated in Dallas, Texas, 1963 Vietnam Vets return to face indifference or hostility (different from other wars) Takes years for the nation to heal and recognize and honor them

29 Understanding: the end of the Cold war Both internal and external pressures caused the collapse of the Soviet Union

30 Internal Problems of the Soviet Union Increasing military expenses to compete with US Increased NATIONALISM in Soviet republics Fast-paced economic reforms to market economy Gorbachev-”GLASTNOST” (openness) and “PERESTROIKA” (economic restructuring)

31 Role of President Reagan in the fall of the Soviet Union Increased U.S. military and economic pressure on the USSR Challenged their moral legitimacy Berlin wall speech: “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall.”

32 New Post-Cold War goals and policies Foreign aid Humanitarian aid Human rights support

33 George H.W. Bush 1989-1993 (1 term) Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe Reunification of Germany Collapse of Yugoslavia Break-up of Soviet Union (1991) Persian Gulf War (1990-1991) First time women serve in combat roles “Operation Desert Storm”

34 William J. Clinton 1993-2001 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Full diplomatic relations with Vietnam Renewed trade with South Africa after APARTHEID NATO action in the former Yugoslavia

35 George W. Bush 2001-2009 Terrorist attack on U.S. soil (9/11/2001) War in Afghanistan War in Iraq Patriot Act

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