1. A Review of Idealist/Realist Debate
Idealism
Wilson, Zimmern
Optimistic/Progressive Outlook
Collective Security
Institutionalizing peace
İnstitutions transcending states
Colloboration
International Institutions
Realism
Carr, Morgenthau
Pessimistic/Stability Outlook
Structural anarchy
War & Security
İndependent states
National interests, security, power, zero-sum competition
Balance of Power
INT 313

2. Lecture Outline (17.10.2002) Theories of Political Integration
Functionalism
Neo-Functionalism
Interdependence
International Regimes
Systems Theory
World Federalism
Epistemic Communities
INT 313

3. Theories of Political Integration
What is political integration?
INT 313

4. Political Integration
The process or the product of efforts to build new political communities and supranational institutions that transcend the state
INT 313

5. The Purposes of Political Integration
To remove states’ incentives for war
To engineer reform programs
To transform international institutions from instruments of states to structures over them
INT 313

6. Functionalism David Mitrany, A Working Peace System, 1966
Ernst Haas, Beyond the Nation-State, 1964
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7. Functionalism
a gradualist approach to world order with the attainment of political federation by installments
Peace by pieces
A “bottom-up” evolutionary view
Why a gradualist approach?
How a gradualist approach?
INT 313

8. Functionalism Why a gradualist approach?
Because state sovereignty is so firmly for the states and it is very difficult for the states to cease it
The conflicts among states are generally exempted from political issues
Thus, it is very difficult to provide integration between states in political matters
So, how can cooperation be achieved?
INT 313

9. Functionalism How a gradualist approach?
In Political Issues cooperation is unlikely to occur
So what to do?
INT 313

10. Functionalism How a gradualist approach?
In Political Issues cooperation is unlikely to occur
So what to do?
It is relatively easy to attain cooperation in
non-political matters
What are these?
INT 313

11. Functionalism How a gradualist approach?
Cooperation in non-political areas
build
habits of interaction
spill over effect
Cooperation in the political areas
INT 313

12. Functionalism How can functionalist theory be criticized?
the distinction between political and non-political
the transition from non-political to political integration may not be possible
state sovereignty is underestimated in functionalist theory
INT 313

13. Neofunctionalism the supremacy of political factors
the political/non-political aspects are totally different so there is not a way from non-political therough political
Integration should begin by the political issues. Then it would include all other aspects of life
Maastricht Treaty on EU
INT 313

14. Neofunctionalism Preconditions for a proper political Integration

15. Neofunctionalism Preconditions for a proper political Integration
geographical proximity
steady economic growth
similar political systems
supportive public opinion
cultural homogeneity
internal political stability
Similar historical experiences
Compatible forms of government and economic systems
INT 313

16. Neofunctionalism Preconditions for a proper political Integration
Similar level of economic resources
a shared perception of common external threat
Bureaucratic compatibilities
Previous corroborative efforts
similar level of military preparedness
INT 313

17. Neofunctionalism Cooperation in Political Matters Spill Over
Nation-state Spill Round Federation
Spill Back
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18. Interdependence
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19. Interdependence
Changes in one nation produce significant changes in one or more others
In emerged as a challenge to the realist analysis of world politics?
In what ways?
INT 313

20. Interdependence By Challenging 3 Premises of Realism
States as coherent units are the dominant actors in world politis
Force is a usable and effective instrument of policy
There is a hierarchy of issues in world politics
INTEGRATION IS IMPOSSIBLE
INT 313

21. Interdependence By Challenging 3 Premises of Realism
States as coherent units are the dominant actors in world politis
Multiple Channels Connect Societies
informal ties btw. Govt. Elites
informal ties btw. Non-govt. Elites
transnational orhanizations
3 types of Channels
interstate
transgovernmental
transnational
INT 313

22. Interdependence By Challenging 3 Premises of Realism
2. Force is a usable and effective instrument of policy
Military Force is not employed btw. Govts that locate in the same region or issue area
INT 313

23. Interdependence By Challenging 3 Premises of Realism
3. There is a hierarchy of issues in world politics
There is not an hierarchy of issues in the agenda of interstate relations
INT 313

24. Interdependence By Challenging 3 Premises of Realism
3. There is a hierarchy of issues in world politics
There is not an hierarchy of issues in the agenda of interstate relations
Energy resources Defense
Environment Health
Population Education
Use of Seas Welfare
Agriculture Justice
Commerce Labor
INT 313