1. INLS 520 – Fall 2007 Erik Mitchell INLS 520 Information Organization

2. INLS 520 – Fall 2007 Erik Mitchell Review History of Classification Aristotle, Linnaeus, Rosch Definitions, differences Classification as Knowledge Types of systems Enumerative Hierarchies Faceted

3. INLS 520 – Fall 2007 Erik Mitchell Today Cspan – Debate HubDebate Hub XML Q&A Classification (again) –More Definitions –Another look at classification systems Transformation assignment

4. XSL - Review Questions from last week? INLS 520 – Fall 2007 Erik Mitchell

5. INLS 520 – Fall 2007 Erik Mitchell Classification –“The meaningful clustering of experience” (Kwasnik) –“useful during the preliminary stages of inquiry as a heuristic tool in discovery, analysis, and theorizing” (Davies) –“descriptive explanatory, heuristic, fruitful, and perhaps also elegant, parsimonious, and robust” (Kwasnik) –Categorizing forces catalogers “to guess what their users are thinking, and to make predictions about the future” (Shirky)

6. INLS 520 – Fall 2007 Erik Mitchell Theoretical frameworks Definition Theory brings –Abstraction –Structure –A way of creating new knowledge through application of first concepts Theories are –Social, political, systematic, an ‘approach’

7. INLS 520 – Fall 2007 Erik Mitchell Types of systems Taxonomies Ontologies Thesauri Folksonomy Hypertext – Links –“there is no shelf and there is no file system”(Shirky)

8. INLS 520 – Fall 2007 Erik Mitchell Relationships Equivalence –“use”, “see”, “isVersionOf”, “isFormatOf” Hierarchical –Generic – “is a” –Partitive – “is part of”, “has part”, “has conceptual part”, “member of” –Instance – Associative –“isReferencedBy”, “isRequiredBy”, “hasDerivative”

9. INLS 520 – Fall 2007 Erik Mitchell Top down / bottom up Top-Down –Order is important, content second, organization first. Bottom-up –Organization based on content (think post- coordinate) Organization concepts –Broader term, narrower term, use, use for, related term (ISO2788)

10. INLS 520 – Fall 2007 Erik Mitchell Classification systems - exercise Kwasnik’s list –Hierarchies –Tees –Paradigms –Faceted analysis Shirky’s List –Folksonomies Break into groups, discuss & list –Goal –Structure –Issues –Benefits

11. INLS 520 – Fall 2007 Erik Mitchell Hierarchies Features –Inclusiveness –“Is-a” relationship –Inheritance –Transitivity –Systematic –Mutually exclusive –Neccesary and sufficient Issues Illusion of completeness Multiple perspectives Lack of comprehensive knoeldge IDfference in scale Lack of tranistivity Strict rules Benefits Comprehensive Economy of notation Inheritance Inference Real definitions Holistic perspective High level view

12. INLS 520 – Fall 2007 Erik Mitchell Trees Features –Hierarchy without inheritance –Varied relationships (beyond is-a) –Partitive relationships Issues Rigidity One-way perspective Selective perspective (single attribute) Benefits –Shows a primary relationship well –Indicates distance between objects –Shows relative frequency

13. INLS 520 – Fall 2007 Erik Mitchell Paradigms Features –Horizontal, multi- dimensional –Matrix allows assignment of attributes rather than placement in hierarchy Issues More extensive knowledge required Limited explanatory power Limited overview, navigational abilities Benefits –Naming allows abstraction –Definition/distinction allows assignment of attributes –Matrix allows comparison of attributes –Empty values tell us something

14. INLS 520 – Fall 2007 Erik Mitchell Faceted Classification Features –Multi-dimensional –Multi-relationship driven –Triples, object with attribute Issues Lack of obvious relationships Difficult to navigate, visualize Harder to establish facets Benefits Accomodates Partial Knowledge Flexibile, Hospitable Expressive Bottom-up, not top-down Multi-theoretical Multi-perspective

15. INLS 520 – Fall 2007 Erik Mitchell Folksonomy Features –Single level description –Open vocabulary list –User supplied/harvested tags Issues Lack of controlled vocabulary Lack of relationship/hierarchy assignment Lack of definition of intent Benefits Flexible User-Centered Harvestable(?) – for what?

16. INLS 520 – Fall 2007 Erik Mitchell Choosing a framework How extensive, defined is the information? Is your subject matter static or fluid? What access are you trying to provide? What external pressures exist? What external entities/theories will interact with this system?

17. INLS 520 – Fall 2007 Erik Mitchell Applying Commercial Models to information systems The Library as Bookstore example –What is it? –Break into groups & look at: http://www.ckls.org/~crippel/marketing/bookstor e.htmlhttp://www.ckls.org/~crippel/marketing/bookstor e.html http://sitemaker.umich.edu/666bookstoreorlibrar y/homehttp://sitemaker.umich.edu/666bookstoreorlibrar y/home –Think of some features/benefits/issues of applying the bookstore model to library systems. Are there other models?

18. INLS 520 – Fall 2007 Erik Mitchell Bookstore Model Features –Physical Smell Music Lighting Layout –Organizational Genre based Recommendations Power aisles Issues Simplified classification does not always work Negates author based arrangement Is this a primary goal of the library? Benefits User-centric Builds on studies/research done in commercial world Service rather than resource based Some of this can be done virtually – “did you mean”, “others liked” services http://www.ckls.org/~crippel/marketing/bookstore.html

19. INLS 520 – Fall 2007 Erik Mitchell Next Week Controlled vocabularies Hold off on MultiTes – will find a java application –Readings Willpower Information Consultants. 1998- Boxes & Arrows site –Leise et al. All about facets & controlled vocabularies. –Fast et al. 2002. What is a controlled vocabulary –Leise et al. 2003. Creating a controlled vocabulary –Leise et al. Synonym rings and authority files Mathes. 2004. Folksonomies - cooperative classification and communication through shared metada –Optional Guy & Tonkin. 2006. Folksonomies: Tidying up tags?http://www.dlib.org/dlib/january06/guy/01guy.html -