1. Government, Economy, and Culture

2.  Representative Democracy- where the people rule through elected representatives.  3 separate branches:  Executive-Carries out laws  Legislative- Enacts laws  Judicial- Interprets laws, and reviews decisions of lower courts.

3. Agriculture  United States feeds itself and the world  Reasons- fertile soil, favorable climate, early mechanization of country’s farms.

4.  Industry  Advances in technology, especially in electronics and computers revolutionized industry and led to the creation of new products and methods of production.  Leading industries:  Petroleum  Steel  Transportation equipment  Chemical

5.  Phase in which manufacturing no longer plays a dominant role.  Most of Americans work in the service industry.  Information processing  Finance  Medicine  Transportation  education

6.  Exports:  Raw materials  Agricultural products  Manufactured goods  Imports:  Automobiles  Electronic equipment  Machinery  Apparel

7.  Canada and Mexico are the U.S. most important trading partners.  NAFTA  Multinationals- American Corporations that engage in business worldwide

8.  A nation of immigrants  70% Caucasian  13% Hispanic  12% African-American  4% Asian-American  1% Native American

9.  English dominant language  Spanish is the 2 nd most spoken  Religious Freedom  More than 1,000 different religious groups  85% Christian  2% Jewish/ Muslim

11.  1 st Artists-Native Americans  Pottery, weavings, carvings  Early European settlers brought with them the artistic traditions of their homelands.  Today, Motion pictures and popular music are two influential American Art forms

12.  80% of Americans live in Cities or Suburbs  Highly developed transportation network  Skilled positions require advanced education  Free public education  Leisure Activities-  Sports, museums, libraries, television, movies, video games, etc.

13. Government, Economy, and Culture

14.  16 th and 17 th century French claimed Canada  French and Indian War- British defeated French.  French settlers stayed behind.

15.  Canada divided into two:  Roman Catholic French  Protestant British  British government split it between two provinces.  Upper Canada (Ontario)- English-Speaking majority.  Lower Canada (Quebec)- French-Speaking majority.

16.  Problems still existed  Dominion of Canada  The Dominion was to be a loose confederation, or political union of Ontario and Quebec, and two British colonies on the Atlantic (Nova Scotia and New Brunswick)  Self-government but still part of the British empire.

17.  1885 1 st continental railway- Montreal to Vancouver.  Gold found in Yukon  Copper, Zinc, and Silver later found  New railroads and towns  Immigrants came from Britain and other parts of the world

18.  Parliamentary government-  A system in which both legislative and executive functions are combined in a legislature called parliament.  The majority’s party leader in parliament becomes- Prime Minister

20.  One of the world’s richest countries.  Early economy was based on trade of natural resources.  Important Canadian Industries:  Farming, logging, mining, and fishing.  Biggest export is forest products (pulp and paper)  Mining is very important because of Canada’s extensive mineral deposits.

21.  Biggest export: fish  Access to Atlantic, Pacific, and Artic  7 th in the world

22.  15% of Canadians earn their living from manufacturing.  1/5 of Nation’s GDP  Automobiles, steel, household appliances, electronics, and high- tech and mining equipment.

23.  60% of GDP  Finance, utilities, trade, transportation, tourism, communications, insurance, and real state  Fastest growing service industry: Tourism.

24.  Historically Canada’s Economy has relied on trade.  Fur trade  U.S. and Canada longest open border in the world.  1994 NAFTA (North America Free Trade Association)  85 % of Canada’s export go to U.S.  75% of Canada’s imports come from U.S.

25.  1 st people in Canada were the First Nation people and the Inuit.  Metis- people of mixed French and native heritage  More recent immigrants from Europe and Asia

26.  Bilingual country- French and English  First Nation languages still survive  Many conflicts between Protestant and Roman Catholic exist.  Muslims and Jews are increasing in numbers.

27.  Much of the population of Canada lives near port cities (Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver)  80% of people live in 10% of land.  4/5 live in the city  75%of French Canadians live in Quebec  Native peoples live in 2,300 reserves  Inuit live in the Artic North  Canadians of Asian decent live in the west coast

29.  Most Canadians enjoy a high standard of living.  Sports and Recreation: skating, ice hockey, fishing, skiing, golf, and hunting.  Professional ice hockey, baseball, and basketball teams compete in U.S. leagues.  Lacrosse- developed by Native people  Ice hockey- developed by early European settlers.

30.  Carvings of the Inuit-  Used ivory, whalebone, soapstone to carve figurines of animals and people in scenes from everyday life.  Group of Seven- Toronto based group of artists.  Stratford Festival in Ontario- honors William Shakespeare.