1. Review Japan and the Meiji Restoration

2. What was the Tokugawa era? Power shifted to Edo (Tokyo), the home of the Tokugawa family Emperor stayed in Kyoto Isolation from the West Samurai the elite but becoming administrators Daimyo lords rule regions (han)

3. Japanese feudalism Personal loyalty to emperor, daimyo, family Four class system – samurai, farmers, craftsmen, merchants 1.9 million Samurai bushido “way of the warrior” – a mix of Confucian and Buddhist values Strict rules for each class

5. How did the Tokugawa govern? They were the dominant Shogun (supreme General) family Daimyo families stayed in Edo – under control of Tokugawa- -Tokugawa family - Owned 20% of Japan - Lived in Edo - Power to reassign daimyo Daimyo - Autonomy over domains - Alternate Attendance

6. IDs/Definitions The bakufu = the Shogun system The Bakuhan - the Tokugawa system of shogun (bakufu) and domains (han) Daimyo = Lord of a han or a distict. Controlled his own personal army of samurai Shogun – Supreme General or Warlord with political control over the Daimyos and thusJapan Alternate attendance: the system of compulsory residence by Daimyo in Edo/Tokyo during alternate years. Abandoned in 1862. Hostage system – the families of the Dailmyo lived in Edo. This was one way the Shogun could them. The Great Peace – the 250 years of Tokugawa rule until from 1603-1868

7. The Samurai, with too much time on their hands

8. The gate at Edo, centre of Tokugowa rule The period is also call the Edo Period

9. Characteristics Peace Flourishing of arts- Simple but beautiful artifacts Sophisticated cuisine Literate populace with newssheets, novels, woodblock prints Entertainment - sports, public baths, tea houses, Kabuki theatre Economic and population growth - urban culture early stages industrialisation & spread of money economy.

10. Threats to the system - Foreigners - Russia, Britain, France. - Perry and commercial treaties. - Financial strain of Samurai and Daimyo Rising power and wealth of merchants

11. Commodore Mathew Perry Arrived in Edo 1853 – told to go to Nagasaki Refused – threatened Edo with bombardment Tokugawa threatened by the “black ships” Presented letter from US govt demanding trade treaty Returned 2 years later with double the fleet – gunboat diplomacy

12. 1853 – Commodore Matthew Perry “Opens Up” Japan to Western Trade!

13. What Did the U. S. Want??  Coaling stations.  More trading partners.  A haven for ship-wrecked sailors.

14. Perry’s “Black Ships”

15. Signed Convention of Kanagawa 1854 – diplomatic relations Five years later – treaties with most European nations Some Japanese resentment at “unequal” treaties forced on the nation

16. The Treaty of Kanagawa - 1854

17. Japan Learns a Lesson! I n 1862, just before the start of the Meiji period, Tokugawa sent officials and scholars to China to study the situation there. A Japanese recorded in his diary from Shanghai… The Chinese have become servants to the foreigners. Sovereignty may belong to China but in fact it's no more than a colony of Great Britain and France.

18. China’s “Unequal Treaties”  After the Opium War of 1839-1842, Japan was convinced that it had to Open Up to the West.

19. The Shi-shi (“Men of High Purpose”)  Highly idealistic samurai who felt that the arrival of Westerners was an attack on the traditional values of Japan.  They believed that:  Japan was sacred ground.  The emperor, now a figurehead in Kyoto, was a God.  Were furious at the Shogun for signing treaties with the West without the Emperor’s consent.  Their slogan  Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians!

20. The Satsuma and Chosu Clans

21. The Meiji Revolt - 1868  A powerful group of samurai overthrow the Shogun.  Sakamoto Ryoma, the hero.  He helped Japan emerge from feudalism into a unified modern state.

22. The Shogunate Is Overthrown!  The last Shogun.  Tokugawa Yoshinobu.

23. The Emperor Is “Restored” to Power MEIJI  “Enlightened Rule”

24. Review: Tokugawa to Meiji Satsuma and Choshu clans united by Ryoma to rebel against Tokugawa “expel the barbarian, restore the emperor” 1867 the Emperor is “restored” to power Emperor Meiji moves to Tokyo Civil war between supporters of Tokugawa and Sat-Cho forces Sat-Cho clans win 1868 – ironically they accelerate modernisation!

25. The Meiji emperor moving from Kyoto to Tokyo. Source:"Le Monde Illustre", February 20th, 1869.

26. Emperor Meiji

27. Iwakura Mission 1871-73 The first Meiji investigation of European and American institutions The mission included a number of Meiji government ministers Sought info on technology, education, the army Were very impressed with Europe and USA – increased pressure for modernisation

28. What was the Meiji restoration? By 1871 the daimyo domains had been surrendered to the throne and turned into prefectures with governors Mass education based on German system military conscription was introduced Western experts were imported to create new railways, armies, fleets, and industries The Bank of Japan was established An authoritarian constitution based on German model 1889, establishing the Diet (parliament) Real power exercised by an informal Choshu and Satsuma oligarchy (elite)

29. Meiji Restoration 1868 -1912 Chronology 1573-1600, “Warring States” - Transitional Era 1635, Shogunate forbids Japanese to travel overseas 1639, Portugese ships forbidden; Japan closed to outside world 1641, Dutch Trading Mission is moved to Nagasaki 1600-1868, Tokugawa Period - Centralized Feudalism era 1853-54, Perry Mission to “open” Japan 1854, Japan concludes friendship treaties with U.S., Britain, France & Netherlands; three ports open to foreign trade 1868, Meiji Restoration 1877, Satsuma Rebellion 1881, Sale of government industries to new zaibatsau 1889, Meiji Constitution 1894-5,Sino-Japanese War, Japan becomes imperialist power 1904-5, Russo-Japanese War 1910, colonization of Korea 1912, emperor Meji dies

30. MeijiEmperorReceivingOrderOf TheGarter1906

31. bakufu

32. Review Samurai replaced by modern conscript army Abolished hereditary rights 1871 rapid industrialisation built a modern nation-state. ended feudal divisions in society Real power in the hand of Sat-Cho elders – the genro

33. Oligarchy Power was informally concentrated in the hands of a few powerful families They controlled politics and big business The Sat-Cho elite = oligarchs The Emperor “reigned but did not rule” despite the constitution

34. Satsuma Rebellion 1877 – the revolt of the last samurai… some samurai dissatisfied with increasing Westernisation abolition of their feudal privileges Forbidden to wear swords, No stipends (pensions) Samurai from Satsuma domain rebelled To protect bushido and Japanese values

35. Saigo Takamori He led the last samurai revolt Defeated by the new Japanese Imperial Army at battle of Shiroyama Saigo committed seppuku

36. Saigo now a Japanese hero

37. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VX 6xsIrZfdo&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8F _1wgjBUvY&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4U ND_K_f6l0&feature=related

38. Zaibatsu Family businesses with close links with the government and military Mitsubishi Diversified conglomerates Eventually the big 4 dominated over 50% of stock exchange Japan did not rely on foreign investment

39. Imperialism – war with China 1894-05 dispute over Korea "Enrich the country, strengthen the military" Easy Japanese victories Demonstrated success of Japanese modernisation Korea became Japanese protectorate China lost Taiwan

40. Russo-Japanese War 1904-05 Also dispute over Korea and Manchuria First victory of Asian nation over western nation Japan became a great power Korea eventually annexed