1. www.pol.ac.uk International Oceanographic Organisation: JCOMM  GOOS  GLOSS Philip L. Woodworth Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level

2. In 2001 the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) and the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) merged a number of their marine activities into a new Joint Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) in order to best address the requirements being placed on both agencies for global observing programmes, in particular the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). JCOMM can be thought of as the implementation arm of GOOS. GOOS, the Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS) and the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) make up what is called the G3OS of global observing programmes.

3. JOINT WMO/IOC TECHNICAL COMMISSION FOR OCEANOGRAPHY AND MARINE METEOROLOGY (JCOMM) The Future of Operational Oceanography Co-Presidents: Savi Narayanan, Johannes Guddal

4. The Vision of JCOMM  Integrated ocean observing system  Integrated data management  State-of-the-art technologies and capabilities  New products and services  User responsiveness and interaction  Involvement of all maritime countries

5. 5 JCOMM STRUCTURE Management Committee 2 Copresidents 4 PA coordinators Reps. of Scientific Bodies 1 or 2 others Point of Contact / User Forums Task Team Resources CB Coord. Group Chair, CB Coord Rapporteurs. PA Observations PA Capacity Building PA Services PA Data Management ASAPP OBS Coord Group Chair, OBS Coord. Rapporteurs Satellite Expert. Data Buoy Obs. Team Ship Obs.Team Sea Level Obs.Team l SOOPIP Link to Argo Team VOS SERV Coord. Group Chair, SERV Coord. Expert team Maritime Safety Services Expert Team Waves/Surges Expert Team Sea Ice Rapporteurs Editor, JCOMM Products Bulletin Rapporteur MPERSS Management Comm. 2 Copresidents 4 PA coordinators Reps. of Scientific Bodies 1 or 2 others PA Observations PA Capacity Building PA Services PA Data Management ASAPP SOOPIP VOS OBSCoord. Group Chair, OBSCoord. Rapporteurs Satellite Expert Data Buoy Obs. Team Ship Obs.Team Link toArgo Team Sea Level Obs.Team Editor, JCOMM Products Bulletin Rapporteur MPERSS SERVCoord. Group Chair, SERVCoord. Rapporteurs Expert team Maritime Safety Services Expert Team Sea Ice Expert Team Waves/Surges Point of Contact / User Forums Task Team Resources CBCoord. Group Chair, CBCoord. Rapporteurs DMCoordination Group Chair, DMCoord. Rapporteurs ET on Data Mgt Practices. Expert Team Marine Climatology DM Coordination Group Chair, DM Coord Rapporteurs. Expert Team Data Mgt Practices. Expert Team Marine Climatology

6. Integrated Observing System Ship observationsSea level Moorings Argo Drifting buoy ASAP

7. Where are we now v5000 VOS observing meteorology v120 vessels observing subsurface T&S v1400 drifters observing meteorology v100’s of ocean buoys for met & ocean v300 GLOSS vArgo vSea Ice vSatellite

8.  Ship based obs  DBCP  Argo  GLOSS  TIP Required improvements

9. Services Maritime SafetyWaves and surgesSea Ice information Pollution response Oceanographic

10. Capacity Building Build Infrastructure Training Education

11. Where are we going? Status  GOOS Capacity Building Strategy and Implementation Plans  JCOMM Capacity Building Strategy  Each JCOMM element has identified the need for Capacity building  IOC programs have similar needs  Parallel efforts under other international programs, such as POGO CB needs financial and institutional support

12. Integrated Data Management Industry WMO GOSIC FAONavies ICES Regional GOOS CentersInstitutions/Universities IODE & WDCs JCOMM

13. Products  JCOMM Portal (http://ioc.unesco.org/jcomm/)

14. Products(… )  JCOMMOPS(http://www.jcommops.org)

15. Products(… )  Electronic Bulletin(http://iri.ldeo.columbia.edu/climate/monitoring/ipb/)

16. GLOBAL OCEAN OBSERVING SYSTEM (GOOS)

17. GOOS IS nA SUSTAINED, COORDINATED INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM FOR: nGATHERING AND PROCESSING DATA ABOUT THE OCEANS AND SEAS nGENERATING USEFUL PRODUCTS AND SERVICES INCLUDING ACCURATE DESCRIPTIONS OF PRESENT CONDITIONS AND FORECASTS OF FUTURE CONDITIONS nCREATING LONG TERM DATA SETS nPRE-OPERATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR NEW AND IMPROVED PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

18. MEETING THE NEEDS OF CONVENTIONS nCLIMATE CHANGE nBIODIVERSITY nLAW OF THE SEA nPROTECT FROM LAND BASED POLLUTION nAGENDA 21 nLONDON DUMPING CONVENTION nHIGHLY MIGRATORY & STRADDLING STOCKS nREGIONAL SEAS

19. GOOS ACTIVITIES nDATA COLLECTING nDATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT nDATA ANALYSIS, PREPARATION AND DISSEMINATION OF PRODUCTS nNUMERICAL MODELLING AND FORECASTING nTRAINING, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER nENABLING RESEARCH

20. TYPICAL PRODUCTS nFORECASTS OF CHANGE IN WATER LEVEL nPOSITIONS & STRENGTHS OF CURRENTS nOCCURRENCE OF UNUSUALLY HIGH WAVES nEXTENT OF SEA ICE nINCIDENCE OF HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS nVULNERABILITY OF FISH STOCKS AND FARMS nRAINFALL PREDICTIONS IN DRY AREAS nLENGTH AND COLDNESS OF WINTERS nLIKELIHOOD OF DISEASE OUTBREAKS

21. BENEFITS – IMPROVEMENTS IN nFORECASTS (Of WIND, WAVES,SEA-ICE) nWARNINGS OF STORMS; HIGH WAVES; SURGES nMANAGEMENT OF PORTS AND HARBOURS nOPTIMISING OFFSHORE DESIGN & OPERATIONS nSHIP ROUTING; MARINE RECREATION nDETECTION OF POOR WATER QUALITY nMANAGING FISHERIES & AQUACULTURE nCLIMATE FORECASTS nRAIN AND TEMPERATURE FORECASTS (FOR AGRICULTURE, ENERGY, WATER INDUSTRIES) nPREPARING FOR EPIDEMICS (MALARIA)

22. EL NINO EFFECTS

23. EL NINO AND BRAZIL HARVESTS

24. EL NINO AND HEALTH RISKS: MALARIA

25. USERS AND CUSTOMERS  GOVERNMENT AGENCIES  ENVIRONMENT MANAGERS  OPERATING SERVICES (SAFETY, NAVIGATION, PORTS, PILOTS, SEARCH AND RESCUE)  INDUSTRY (OIL AND GAS, SURVEYING, CONSTRUCTION, SHIPPPING, FISHERIES, DREDGING)  SMALL COMPANIES (AQUACULTURE, TRAWLERS, HOTELS, RECREATION MANAGERS)  SOLE USERS (YACHTSMEN, SURFERS, DIVERS, FISHERMEN, TOURISTS)

26. DESIGN MODULES nOPEN OCEAN SERVICES AND CLIMATE nCOASTS (INCLUDING LIVING MARINE RESOURCES, AND HEALTH OF THE OCEAN) n  Note tide gauges (GLOSS) needed in both modules

27. OPEN OCEAN GOOS DESIGN TO SUPPORT CLIMATE AND WEATHER FORECASTING nSEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE nSEA SURFACE SALINITY nSURFACE WIND nHEAT FLUX AND PRECIPITATION nSEA SURFACE HEIGHT (SEA-LEVEL) <<<< GLOSS nSEA ICE nDISSOLVED CARBON DIOXIDE nUPPER OCEAN TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY

28. Observing the Tropical Pacific to forecast El Niño/La Niña and their influence on climate

29. COASTAL SEAS CONCERNS nPOPULATION INCREASE [50% LIVE WITHIN 200km, INCREASING TO 66% IN 50 YEARS] n50% OF WETLANDS SEVERELY DEGRADED n10-30% CORAL REEFS DEGRADED nEXPLOITATION, WASTE, DESTRUCTION OF REEFS AND MANGROVES INCREASE STRESS ON ECOSYSTEMS nSAFE AND EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT REQUIRES INFORMATION FROM INTEGRATED MONITORING SYSTEMS

30. COASTAL GOOS GOALS nDETERMINE USER NEEDS nSPECIFY PRODUCTS TO MEET THOSE NEEDS nDETECT AND FILL GAPS IN MONITORING nFIND AND CORRECT INADEQUACIES IN MONITORING nFORM NETWORKS FOR REGIONAL TO GLOBAL COORDINATION AND INTEGRATION OF MONITORING, RESEARCH AND MODELLING nUSE NETWORKS TO MONITOR AND PREDICT nDEVELOP DATA AND INFO PLANS

31. GOOS PILOT PROJECTS nPIRATA (BRAZIL LED) nGLOBAL OCEAN DATA ASSIMILATION EXPERIMENT (GODAE) nARGO PROFILING FLOAT PROJECT

32. Regional GOOS Bodies National GOOS Committees/Contact Points http://ioc.unesco.org/goos/ms/General/nat_GOOS_contacts.htm Pacific GOOS IOCARIBE GOOS Pacific GOOS Africa Euro GOOS and BOOS Med GOOS Black Sea GOOS NEAR GOOS SEA GOOS Global Distribution of Regional GOOS Bodies and National GOOS Committees or Contact Points Regional/National GOOS

33. ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE nMOST INTERNATIONAL TRADE GOES BY SEA nBY 2020 66% OF PEOPLE LIVE NEAR COAST n20% OF OIL AND GAS COME FROM OFFSHORE nFISH CATCH SUPPLIES 20% OF PROTEIN nMORE THAN 50% OF COASTS ARE DEGRADED nMARINE RESOURCES AVERAGE 3-5% OF GNP nTOTAL MARINE GNP IS $1000 BILLION n1% IMPROVEMENT WOULD SAVE $10 BILLION nPLUS IMPROVED FOOD, WATER, ENERGY SUPPLY nCOST OF GOOS IS AROUND $2 BILLION ($1 BILLION ALREADY INVESTED)

34. That completes a brief overview of JCOMM and GOOS. GLOSS GLOSS was established in the mid-1980s. And when GOOS was later established, GLOSS became its first (and most important!) component. More on GLOSS in the next lecture.