1. SMUCSE 8394 Devices III Surveillance Cameras

2. SMUCSE 8394 Surveillance of the Borders 235 different video surveillance systems currently in operation along America's borders (6000 miles Canada + Mexico) –A 26-camera surveillance system in Douglas, Arizona, and a 32-camera system in Blaine, Washington (Installed in 1990) Installed in pairs (for day and night vision) Can read the license plates and movements from 2 miles away Remotely controlled from miles away through wireless Problems –Won’t work above 68 o F (95% of the time fails) –Very expensive (0.25 mil/camera)

3. SMUCSE 8394 New Technologies Near Infra Red (NIR) Camera –Simultaneous imaging in visible and near infra- red spectrum –Uses InGaAs-based focal plane array with extremely high spectral sensitivity LIGHTGRABBER technology –Can capture images at light levels as low as 0.3 lux Demo

4. SMUCSE 8394 Automated Video Security (AVS) Computer automated image analysis Automatically detect unusual events and trigger alarms Reduces the volume of data presented to security personnel. Can monitor large areas and handle complex time-varying images

5. SMUCSE 8394 AVS Components May use existing CCTV surveillance infrastructure

6. SMUCSE 8394 Challenges - Video Surveillance (Conventional) Automatic detection and tracking of people –Implement simplistic approaches to incident detection –False triggers are generated by moving foliage, passing headlights, cloud shadows etc. –Useful only in highly constrained environments

7. SMUCSE 8394 AVS Solutions Maximum detection and tracking with minimal false triggers Can detect stationary objects (packages) introduced into the scene Sophisticated algorithms –Temporal processing –Model based analysis

8. SMUCSE 8394 AVS Applications Perimeter security Interior security Under vehicle surveillance Safety –Warning on large animals, joggers Data acquisition –Traffic data –Counting Bee project to detect explosives Demo page

9. SMUCSE 8394 Integrated Surveillance Intelligence System (ISIS) State-of-the-art technology to monitor borders from distance Three components –Remote video surveillance (RVS) –Unattended ground sensors –ICAD software

10. SMUCSE 8394 Underwater Surveillance Distributed Surveillance Sensor Network (DSSN) –Use of small, inexpensive undersea vehicles (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) for surveillance applications –Based on MIT’s Autonomous Ocean Sampling Network (AOSN) – Sensors communicate acoustically

11. SMUCSE 8394 DSSN (cont’d)

12. SMUCSE 8394 DSSN (cont’d)

13. SMUCSE 8394 DSSN (cont’d)

14. SMUCSE 8394 Other Side of the Fence

15. SMUCSE 8394 Who are Against Surveillance? SCP (Surveillance Camera Players!) –Movement to destroy the myth that only suspects fear being watched –Proclaims that any amount of video monitoring will prevent terrorism –Points to the statistical fallacy of facial recognition in a crowd