1. Getting to Know Diabetes Presented By Francis-Nicey Diabetes Center Plot 4 Abiodun Olubodunde Close New Bodija, Ibadan, Nigeria 08156142026, 08120141890 Venue: Ashi-Bodija Baptist Church Date: February 17, 2013

2. Fire on the Mountain!!! The whole world is on fire with diabetes! An awful pandemic called “diabetes” is engulfing the whole world. In 2005, there were 171million cases reported globally. 366million will be diagnosed in 2030. America alone today recorded 28million and 30million cases expected in 2030 while 200million is presently at risk. Lagos State recorded 1million cases in 2006 and accounted for 1 out 6 hospital admissions and deaths. Obesity has been identified as a precursor. – Globally, there are 1billion overweight people and will double in in 20years – 3% of African children are overweight. Diabetes is a horrible, cruel, painful, ferocious, and expensive disease. A silent killer with the tendency to torture before killing its victim. – Globally, 3.2million deaths are attributed to diabetes yearly: 8,700 deaths daily, 6 deaths per minute.* Millions of people die yearly from the complications from this deadly disease: – Silently damage the body vessels, destroy the eyes, paralyze the kidneys and nerves... – It is time to act.

3. What is Diabetes? Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. The cells in the body are resistant to insulin. The liver is releasing glucose inappropriately. There is consequently a build up of excess glucose (body sugar) in the bloodstream. ***Insulin is a hormone that convert and transfer glucose, starch, and other sugary nutrient into energy needed by the body for daily activities.

4. What are the Signs/Symptoms of Diabetes? Fatigue/tiredness Frequent urination Extreme thirst Extreme hunger Blurred vision Tingling or numbness in hands and or feet Very dry or moist and clammy skin Sores that fail to heal Frequent infections

5. Diagnostic Criteria for Diabetes? Fasting blood glucose of 200mg/dl and above. 2 high blood glucose of 200mg/dl and above during an oral glucose tolerance test. A1C of 6.5% and above. Random blood glucose of 200mg/dl and above. *** Tests must be repeated to confirm diagnosis.

6. Types of Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes: – Body is unable to produce insulin. – 5-10% of people diagnosed with diabetes fall here. – Common among the white race. Type 2 Diabetes: – Has late onset with 80% of cases occurring between ages 40-65 – Body cannot properly use insulin. – Linked with obesity. Gestational Diabetes: – Common among women between 24th and 28th week of pregnancy. – 5-10% cases end up with diabetes type 2. Pre-diabetes: – Blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as type 2. – Over 100million people are said to be in this group undiagnosed.

7. Diabetes Complications Leading cause of blindness Major precursor to hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Major cause of heart attack and stroke. Leading cause of kidney failure. Major cause of neuropathy and amputations. A killer disease with maximum tendency to torture and diminish the victim’s quality of life before killing. Untimely death reducing the life span of the victim by 15years.

8. Who is at Risk for Diabetes? The old especially from age 40 and above. Overweight/Obesity e. g 200lbs + Family history of diabetes Race/ethnicity e. g the Africans with supportive culture( starchy foods), Caucasians/Hispanics prone to type 1 diabetes. History of diabetes during pregnancy. History of BP 140/90 and Lipid level >200. Physical inactivity. ***Risk factors are not well defined for the type 1 diabetes.

9. What is the Way Forward? Prior to diagnoses, prevent: – Eat healthy – Exercise daily – Maintain average weight with body index between 18.5-24.9. – Check your glucose level randomly. Once diagnosed with diabetes – Check and monitor your glucose regularly. – Have a good diet plan. – Avoid sedentary lifestyle. – Exercise daily. – Take your medicines as prescribed by your doctor. – Visit diabetes center at the hospital or outside for professional advice on managing diabetes complications. insulin usage. managing pre-existing conditions such as hypertension, skin problems etc, etc. referral to appropriate specialists for help.

10. The Way Forward Check your blood sugar regularly and take good care of yourself. Set your ABC goals ( A1C, Blood Pressure, Cholesterol). Make Healthy food choices: fruits, vegetables, fish, lean meat, chicken/turkey without skin. Get 30-60minutes of physical exercise at least 3 times a week. Stay at a healthy weight. Ask for help if you feel down. Learn how to cope with stress as stress can raise your blood sugar. Stop smoking. Ask for help to quit. Take your diabetes medicine(s) even when you feel good. Check your BP and ask the doctor if you need aspirin to prevent heart attack or stroke. Check your feet daily for cuts, blisters, red spots, and swelling. Brush and floss your teeth daily.