1. Chapter 1 – The Emergence of Civilization
3,700,000 B.C. – 1,200 B.C.

2. Prehistoric Peoples How do scientists study prehistory?
What were some achievements of Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon peoples?
What changes did the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution bring?

3. Exploring Prehistory
Archeologists: Study ancient civilizations through artifacts
Anthropologists: Study culture via human remains
Cultural Diffusion: The spread ideas from one area to another
Hominids: Humans and early human-like creatures

4. Exploring Prehistory
Prehistory that deals with people using stone tools is called the Stone Age (2.5 Million Years Ago)
Paleolithic (Pre-history)
Mesolithic (Pre-history to 10,000 years ago)
Neolithic (10,000 to 4,000 years ago)

5. Early Humans The First People
Had strong jaw bones, receding chins, low foreheads, and heavy brow ridges
They ate seeds, fruits, nuts, and other plants
Became good hunters
Evolved into homo-sapiens between 400K and 100K years ago

6. Early Humans Continued
The Ice Age
Earth has had extremely cold periods, each lasted 20,000 to 140,000 years
We live in a “warm era” which started about 10,000 years ago
Ice bridges were formed, allowing people to migrate

7. Early Humans Continued
Neanderthal People
Lived during the Paleolithic Period
Buried meat and tools with their dead
This showed a belief in the afterlife
Eventually they disappeared
Conquered by stronger group?
New Ice Age?

8. Early Humans Continued
Cro-Magnons
Appeared in Europe 35,000 years ago
Better tools
Left behind artwork
By 10,000 years ago Cro-Magnons were extinct

9. Agricultural Revolution
Mesolithic Age
Used fish hooks, bow and arrow, fish spears, harpoons made from bone
People tamed dogs for hunting
Used canoes
Nomadic
Neolithic Age
Used stone and wood instead of bones for tools
Began to grow crops
Domesticated animals
Built settlements

10. The Foundations of Civilization
What characteristics and achievements
marked the first river valley civilizations?

11. Early Civilizations Four main regions where civilizations began
Huang (Yellow) River Valley – China
Nile River Valley – Egypt
Tigris and Euphrates River – Middle East (Iraq and Iran)
Indus River Valley – India

12. Characteristics of a Civilization
Surplus of Food
All four early civilizations had similar problem
The river would flood during rainy season & dry up during the dry season
They learned to use irrigation ditches and retention walls
Government
Governments were formed to create rules and keep order

13. Characteristics of a Civilization
Division of Labor
As farming improved fewer people were needed to work in the fields
Division of Labor- People learned different skills to make money
Calendar (lunar)
Written Language

14. Characteristics of a Civilization
The use of metals
Use of bronze marked the end of the Stone Age and began the Bronze age
The Bronze Age came to an end with the use of iron and the Iron Age began

15. Characteristics of a Civilization
Family and Religion
Women managed the family
Made food
Made Clothing
Made Pottery
Weaved
Did much of the farming
There were a variety of gods that most people believed in, most dealt with gods of nature