1. WARM-UP ACTIVITY WORK ON YOUR UNIT 1 VOCABULARY PAGE Ex: Word and definitionUse it in a sentenceDraw a picture

2. HISTORY THE BEGINNINGS

3. 12 3 6 9 HISTORY IN PERSPECTIVE If 1 hour = the total age of the earth: Earliest forms of life Humans first appear on earth Recorded history

4. Chapter Goals At the Conclusion of this unit you will be able to: At the Conclusion of this unit you will be able to: identify changes resulting from the development of farming. identify changes resulting from the development of farming. Identify important changes in human life caused by the Neolithic Revolution. Identify important changes in human life caused by the Neolithic Revolution. Explain the economic, social, and geographic factors that lead to the development of the first civilizations. Explain the economic, social, and geographic factors that lead to the development of the first civilizations.

5. KEY VOCABULARY Prehistory – the time before written records were kept Prehistory – the time before written records were kept Archeology – the study of cultures by examining artifacts Archeology – the study of cultures by examining artifacts Artifacts – man-made objects and tools left behind by people Artifacts – man-made objects and tools left behind by people Anthropology – the study of cultures by examining fossil evidence and human and animal remains Anthropology – the study of cultures by examining fossil evidence and human and animal remains Homo Sapiens – human beings as we know it today Homo Sapiens – human beings as we know it today

6. PREHISTORY (FYI) The time before written records The Stone Age (tools and weapons made of stone) –Paleolithic (Old Stone Age – 1-1.5 million years ago) –Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age – from the end of the last Ice Age until the development of agriculture) –Neolithic (New Stone Age – about 10,000 to 5,000 years ago) –Ice Age – four periods of extreme cold (ended about 25,000 years ago)

7. Hunters & Gatherers The earliest humans relied on hunting, fishing, and gathering wild plants (didn’t know how to grown own food) Technologies included spear-making, fire, and log canoes, clay pottery Migrated with the animal herds and growing seasons

9. The End of Hunting & Gathering  As the number of people in a given area increases, the food available for gathering and the animals available for hunting stay the same.  The need for a steady food supply led to the development of farming.

10. NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION (AN AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION) Considered one of the great turning points in history. People learned to plant crops (rice, wheat, barley, etc.)People learned to plant crops (rice, wheat, barley, etc.) Invented the plow, used fertilizer, irrigationInvented the plow, used fertilizer, irrigation Domesticated animalsDomesticated animals Settled in villagesSettled in villages

11. CIVILIZATION Characteristics of Civilization: Developed government Division of labor – a social structure Rise of Cities Use of writing Artistic achievement and innovations Importance of religion in culture

12. RIVER VALLEYS THE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS AROSE IN RIVER VALLEYS 1. Tigris-Euphrates (Mesopotamia) 2. Nile (Egypt) 3. Indus (Harappa & Mahenjo-Daro) 4. Huang He or Yellow (China)

13. WHAT WAS THE BIG CHANGE DURING THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION? The change from hunting and gathering to systematic farming and domesticating animals. The change from hunting and gathering to systematic farming and domesticating animals. As a result, social roles changed As a result, social roles changed –A warrior class developed –Priests gained importance –The importance of women’s roles decreased

14. WHAT DID THIS CHANGE ENABLE EARLY PEOPLE TO DO?  Settle in villages and towns instead of being nomadic hunters and gatherers. the concept of land ownership modifications to the natural environment higher population densities in certain areas Creation of "trading economies" using surplus production from increasing crop yields, and the development of new technologies.  Complete the 4 page homework assignment Due Friday!!!

15. Processing your information:  On the left side of your interactive notebook, illustrate the five characteristics of civilization  Cornell notes summary: ex. Before the advent of agriculture, Stone Age people were nomadic hunters and gatherers. The Neolithic Revolution and the growth of agriculture allowed people to settle in one place and led to the growth of civilizations.