1. Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
*AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman

2. I. Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers II
I. Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers II. Human Life before Agriculture III. The Neolithic Revolution – 8000 to 3500 B.C.E.

3. The Spread of Human Populations, c. 10,000 B.C.E.
Introduction: definitions of civilization
Elements: urban, monumental building, writing, specialized occupations Connotation v. denotation
I. Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers.
Homo sapiens by 10,000 B.C.E.
larger brain
tools, weapons
Developments by 12,000 B.C.E.:
Hunting-gathering
Art
Spread to Europe, Asia, Australia, the Americas
The Spread of Human Populations, c. 10,000 B.C.E.

4. II. Human Life before Agriculture
A. Paleolithic Culture
Old Stone Age
to 14,000 Y.A.
Homo sapiens sapiens
c. 240,000, Y.A.
B. Late Paleolithic Developments
Variety
Bands of hunter-gatherers Agricultural settlements
Gender division of labor
Men: hunting, fishing, defense
Women: gathering, making medicine
Spread
from Africa
c. 750,000 Y.A.

5. The Spread of Agriculture
III. The Neolithic Revolution – 8000 to 3500 B.C.E. Sedentary agriculture
Animals domesticated
Development of towns
Causes?
Climatic shifts
The Domestication of Plants and Animals Plants
slow development
Animals
from 12,000 B.C.E.: dogs, sheep, goats, pigs
The Spread of Agriculture

6. The Spread of Agriculture
III. The Neolithic Revolution – 8000 to 3500 B.C.E.
The Spread of the Neolithic Revolution.
Hunting-and-gathering persists
Pastoralism
Sub-Saharan Africa root and tree crops
Northern China
millet Rice Southeast Asia, to China, India, islands
Mesoamerica, Peru
Maize, manioc, sweet potatoes Bronze Age
The Spread of Agriculture

7. IV. Civilization
Settlements, villages
slash and burn agriculture
irrigation
Çatal Hüyük
c B.C.E., southern Turkey Large complex Agriculture, commerce Shrines Occupations
by 3000 B.C.E., civilization
Aspects of civilizations?
cities
writing
political organization
Writing
cuneiform
Nomads

8. IV. Civilization
A. Tigris-Euphrates Civilization
Mesopotamia
Sumerians
from 3500 B.C.E.
alphabet
Ziggurats
religion
priesthood
City-states
Akkadians
Babylonians
Hammurabi
code
Indo-Europeans
from 2100 B.C.E.

9. IV. Civilization
B. Egyptian Civilization
Pharaoh
pyramids
from 2700 B.C.E.
Kush
C. Indian and Chinese River Valley Civilizations
Indus River
Harappa, Mohenjo Daro
Indo-Europeans
Huanghe (Yellow) River
P'an Ku
ideographs
Shang dynasty
from 1500 B.C.E.
Egypt, Kush and Axum

10. V. The Heritage of the River Valley Civilizations
Decline by 1000 B.C.E.
Invasions Legacy?
China
great continuity
Zhou
from 1000 B.C.E.
Mesopotamia
more rupture
view of nature persists
Phoenicians
alphabet from 1300 B.C.E.
enduring culture
Jewish monotheism

11. Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
B.C.
Ramses II
B.C.
Amenhotep
B.C.
Thutmose III
3200 B.C.
Menes united Egypt.
B.C.
Hatshepsut
3500 B.C.
2500 B.C.
1500 B.C.
500 B.C.
500 A.D.
3000 B.C.
Hieroglyphics developed.
1570 – 1080 B.C.
The New Kingdom
Egypt establishes an empire.
2050 – 1650 B.C.
The Middle Kingdom
Hyksos introduce chariots and compound bow.
300 B.C.
No longer an imperial power.
Rule in Egypt by Egyptians came to an end.
2680 – 2180 B.C.
The Old Kingdom
The Great Sphinx
& Pyramids built.

12. VI. The First Civilizations Division
among peoples
Contacts
increase with time