1. The Phoenicians and the Lydians
Chapter 2
Section 5
We won’t spend a lot of time on these two cultures, but they each made an important contribution, so it is important to realize where these contributions came from.

2. Phoenicians Loose union of city-states Sea was vital for trade
Little fertile land
Surrounding mountains made travel difficult
Very skilled sailors
One of the greatest traders in the ancient world
Lumber
Metals
Gold and silver
Murex- shellfish used to make a purple dye
It took about 60,000 murices to make 1 lb. Of the royal purple dye.

3. Phoenicians Peaked around 1000 B.C. Culture Religion Writing
Very similar to Babylonians and Egyptians
Religion
Very focused on winning the favor of the gods
In some cases, children were sacrificed
Usually following natural disasters
Writing
Phoencian Alphabet- became the model for Western alphabets
Still very different, but you can see some similarities between the Phoenician alphabet and our own.

4. Phoenicians
Never established a major empire, but the Phoenician alphabet was a major contribution
Greeks and Romans adopted the alphabet
Conquered by the Assyrians
Romans used the alphabet to develop the alphabet we use today.

5. Lydians Peaked around 600 B.C.
Makes up what is today the Asia Minor (present-day Turkey)
Major contribution: coined money
Why was this so important?
No longer had to rely on bartering for trade
Their development of a money economy spread across the ancient world
I’m sure you can imagine someone with a lot of money, but they might not have any goods that you would want. Money allowed for better trade b/c people no longer needed to trade goods straight up. Imagine if we still had to trade goods straight up today.

6.                                                    
The Origins of Judaism
Chapter 2
Section 6
Picture: Abraham

7. Hebrews Ancestors of the modern Jews Inhabited Canaan Abraham Jacob
Small strip of land south of Phoenicia
See map on p. 41
Abraham
Founder of the Hebrew people
Jacob
Grandson of Abraham
Had 12 sons
Each established a tribe
Twelve Tribes of Israel
Picture: Jacob

8. Exodus Due to droughts, the Hebrews left Canaan and traveled to Egypt
Lived peacefully in Egypt for some time
Eventually fell out of favor of the Egyptians
Why?
Most scholars believe that the Hebrews may have come to Egypt with the Hyksos
When the Egyptians expelled the Hyksos in 1200 B.C., they held the Hebrews as slaves

9. Exodus Hebrews held as slaves for over 400 years Moses
Led the Hebrews from slavery (Exodus)
Led the Hebrews into the desserts of the Sinai Peninsula
The Ten Commandments
Moses climbed to the top of Mt. Sinai and returned with tablets containing the commandments
Inspired, Moses set out to claim Canaan
What we know about Moses and the Hebrews come largely from the Bible.

10. Activity Read the Ten Commandments on p. 45
Write a response to each commandment explaining why the rule would help to preserve the Hebrew community
Use complete sentences
10 pts.
Hint: Covet – desiring goods belonging to others

11. Founding of Israel Resistance in Canaan
Canaanites in the north
Conquered by the Hebrews
Philistines in the south
Driven out by the Hebrews, but never fully conquered
During the fighting, the 12 Tribes united under a single kingdom- Israel
Saul  1st king
David  succeeded Saul and made Jerusalem a religious center
Solomon brought Israel to its height in wealth in power
Picture: Solomon

12. Divided Kingdom
After Solomon’s death in the late 900’s B.C., the kingdom divided due to struggles for political power
Northern tribes formed the kingdom of Israel
Southern tribes formed the kingdom of Judah
Lacking unity and strength, the two kingdoms were conquered
722 B.C. Assyrians conquered Israel
587 B.C.  Chaldeans conquered Judah

13. Freedom
When Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered the Chaldeans, he allowed the Hebrews to return to their homeland
The Hebrews rebuilt Jerusalem
Torah- The first 5 books of the Old Testament
Includes the Hebrew code of Laws

14. Judaism Yahweh  Hebrew God Ethical monotheism
Spiritual force, not a glorified human or nature
Political rulers had no claims to divinity
According to the Ten Commandments, only Yahweh is divine
Monotheistic
Ethical monotheism
Emphasizes ethics, or proper conduct
Carried over to the founding of Christianity
Judeo-Christian ethics  similar values
One of the most important contributions to Western civilization

15. Dead Sea Scrolls Ancient manuscripts Date back to the 100’s B.C.
Detailing the history and principles of Judaism

16. Activity/HW Section 6 Review Ch. 2 Review P. 47 P. 48#3
#4 c and d only
Ch. 2 Review
P. 48
Writing About History
ONLY COMPLETE THE CHART
DO NOT WRITE A REPORT
Unless you want to : )