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World History The Early Beginnings of Mankind
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The First Humans “Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change as new evidence comes to light.” - Louis Leakey, British paleoanthropologist
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Terms to Know Prehistory Anthropology Archaeology Paleontology Artifacts Hominid
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Radiocarbon Dating Used to determine the age of artifacts and fossils “Lucy” was unearthed in 1974 by Donald Johanson Radiocarbon dated to 3.2 million years old Had apelike features
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Hominid Groups Homo Habilis 1.5 million years ago Homo Erectus At its height 200,000 to 100,000 BCE Speech by 50,000 BCE Made Spears and Clubs to hunt with Remains found on Africa, Europe, Asia Homo Sapiens Homo Sapien Sapiens
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Early Discoveries
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STAGES OF EARLY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 1.4,000,000 - 1,000,000 BCE - Australopithecus 2.1,500,000 – 250,000 BCE - Homo Habalis 3.250,000 – 30,000 BCE - Homo Erectus 4.30,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE - Homo Sapiens Paleolithic Age 2,500,000 – 10,000 BCE
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PALEOLITHIC AGE 2,500,000 BCE – 8,000 BCE Made Stone Tools Hunter/Gatherer Roles Bands of 20-30 members (typically related) Men = Hunters & Women = Gatherers Nomadic Cultures Migrate from Place to Place Often Times Used Caves for Shelter
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Hominids – Any member of the family of two legged primates; including all humans Australopithecines Apposable Thumbs 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE
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HOMO HABILIS “man with ability” Found in East Africa Created Stone Tools
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1,500,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE Homo Erectus “Upright Person” Bipedalism Larger and More Varied Tools First Hominid to Migrate from Africa to Eurasia First to Use Fire
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200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE HOMO SAPIENS “Wise Human Being” Neanderthals (200,000 – 30,000 BCE) Made Clothes from Animal Hides 1 st to Bury their Dead Cro-Magnons (40,000 – 10,000 BCE) 1 st Homo Sapiens Sapiens?
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“Neolithic” = “New Stone” Age 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE Gradual Shift From: Nomadic Lifestyle --- Sedentary Lifestyle Hunting/Gathering --- Domesticated Agriculture The Agricultural Revolution Developed Independently Throughout the World “Slash & Burn” Farming Middle East India Cent. America ChinaSE Asia 8000 BCE 7000 BCE 6500 BCE 6000 BCE 5000 BCE
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Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of expanding populations More permanent, sedentary communities began to emerge 9,000 BCE: The earliest Agricultural Settlement emerged at JARMO in modern day Iraq Primary Crop was wheat
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8000 BCE: Largest Early Settlement at Catal Huyuk (Modern Turkey) 6000 inhabitants 12 cultivated crops Emergence of a Division of Labor Organized Religion Small Military
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Çatal Hüyük
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AdvancedCities SpecializedWorkers ComplexInstitutions Record-Keeping AdvancedTechnology
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