1. The Dawn of History and the Beginning of Civilization

2. Old Stone Age/Paleolithic Age
Earliest people thought to live in East Africa
Lived in small hunting groups (20-30)
They were nomads
Evidence of religion and art left 30,000 years ago.
1974 Donald Johanson found “Lucy” in Ethiopia.
France Spain and northern Africa: cave paintings. Burial of dead suggests belief in afterlife.

3. c. 15,000-12,000 BC bison length 77 in. (195 cm) Altamira, Spain

4. New Stone Age/ Neolithic Age
11,000 years ago
Planted seeds/farmed
Domesticated animals
Increased population
More possessions.
Created new technologies
Eventually led to Civilizations.
Not sure where started: middle east then spread.

5. Features of Civilization
1.) cities
2.) well-organized central governments
3.) complex religion
4.) job specialization
5.) social classes
6.) arts and architecture
7.) public works
8.) writing

6. River Valley Civilizations
Tigris and Euphrates
Nile River
Indus River
Yellow River
Huang He

7. Bureaucracy
A system of running the government through departments run by appointed officials.

8. The belief in more than one god.
Polytheistic
The belief in more than one god.

9. Artisans
Skilled craft workers, who made pottery or finely carved or woven goods.

10. Pictograms
Simple drawings to show the words represented.

11. Scribes
Specially trained people who learned to read or write.

12. City-State
A political unit that included a city and its surrounding lands and villages.

13. Empire
Group of states or territories controlled by one ruler.