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Philosophical Chairs Evolution is no longer a theory, it is a fact.
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What you know? What are the 6 traits of a civilization?
What are 2 major differences between Judaism and other ancient religions?
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Prehistory Neolitic Revolution Traits of Civilization
Early Humans Prehistoric=before written records
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Prehistory-3500 BC Prehistory: Before written records
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Understanding Prehistory
Archaeology: the study of past societies through an analysis of what people have left behind Arch.=remains and artifacts Anthro.=culture Paleo.-animals Artifacts-made by people
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artifacts: tools, pottery, paintings, weapons, buildings, and other items of early people
Arch.=remains and artifacts Anthro.=culture Paleo.-animals Artifacts-made by people
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Anthropologist: studies culture – uses artifacts and fossils to determine how people lived their lives Culture: Unique way of life of a people
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Early Stages of Development
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Stage 1 - Hominid: the earliest human-like creatures that walked upright
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Stage 2 – Homo Erectus: “upright human being”
More & larger tools Learned to use fire First to leave Africa & move into Europe & Asia
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Stage 3 – Homo Sapiens: “wise human being”
Neanderthals – first found in Neander Valley in Germany - first people to bury their dead Homo Sapiens Sapiens – first humans who looked like us
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The Paleolithic Age Old Stone Age Used simple stone tools
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Lifestyle Nomads – moved from place to place following the animal migration & vegetation cycles
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Major advances Mastery of fire Art – cave drawings
The polychrome painting above, of a "cow and a horse," is a paleolithic cave painting from the caves at Lascaux, in the Dordogne region of France. -- 15,000 BCE
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The Neolithic Revolution and the Rise of Civilization
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NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION:
The shift from hunting of animals and gathering of food to the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis that occurred around 8000 B.C.
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Neolithic = Greek for “new stone”
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Consequences of the Neolithic Revolution:
Organized communities Trading of goods Systematic agriculture Population explosion
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Civilization: a complex culture in which large numbers of people share a number of common elements
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6 Characteristics of Civilization
1. Cities 2. Government 3. Religion 4. Social Structure 5. Writing 6. Art
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1. The Rise of Cities First developed in river valleys where people could carry on large-scale farming to feed large populations
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2. Government Growing population, need to maintain food supply, and build walls for defense led to organization of the government Organize & regulate human activity monarchs
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3. Religion Developed to explain the workings of nature and the fact of their own existence Priests – power by divine authority & led rituals to gain the favor of the gods
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Upper Class --priests, government officials, and warriors
4. Social Structure Upper Class --priests, government officials, and warriors Middle Class farmers, artisans, and craftspeople Slaves
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5. Writing Scribes kept records Records developed into literature
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6. Art Temples built for worship & burial
Paintings & Sculptures – developed to portray gods & goddesses or natural forces
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