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Chapter 16 Section 3.  Columbia Exchange  Mercantilism  Balance of trade  Subsidies  Capitalism  Joint-stock  Joint-stock companies.

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Presentation on theme: "Chapter 16 Section 3.  Columbia Exchange  Mercantilism  Balance of trade  Subsidies  Capitalism  Joint-stock  Joint-stock companies."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter 16 Section 3

2  Columbia Exchange  Mercantilism  Balance of trade  Subsidies  Capitalism  Joint-stock  Joint-stock companies

3 Widespread exchange of plants, animals and disease between two groups Plants and animals to develop differently Europeans did not know potatoes, sweet potatoes, corn or turkeys

4 People in the Americas did not know coffee, oranges, rice, wheat, sheep, or cattle Introduction of beasts of burden (horses) Only domesticated beast was a llama Horse was a new source of transportation and labor

5  Exchange of food and animals had a dramatic impact  Corn and potatoes became a staples in the European diet  Foods provided nutrition and people could live longer

6  Cattle ranching in Texas  Coffee growing in Brazil would not have been possible  Cows and coffee came from the old world  Imagine Italian food without tomatoes  Some thought tomatoes were poisonous

7  1600’s they were in Italian cookbooks  Corn in China caused population to grow  China bought a lot of U.S. silver  Corn and peanuts grow in Africa  One third of all food crops grown came from the America

8  Diseases brought by the Europeans  Diseases killed millions  Smallpox  Measles  Influenza  Malaria  Few diseases were introduced to Europe

9  1518 half the population of Santo Domingo died of smallpox  Mexico’s population decreased by 30% in 10 years  Inca’s decreased from 14 million to 2 million

10  1500’s new type of economy  Mercantilism – the nation’s strength depends on its wealth  Had power to build a strong military  Wealth measured y the amount of gold and silver one had

11  One nation got wealthier by taking away items from another  Led to intense competition between nations in the 1500’s and 1600’s

12  Build wealth in two ways  Extract gold and silver  Sell more items than you buy  This strengthened their country while weakening another  Favorable balance of trade was essential

13  Reduce the amount of goods imported  Place tariffs on goods imported (adds to the cost)  Imported goods became more expensive (discouraged people to buy)  Sell exports for high prices

14  Manufactured goods sold for more than raw material (woolen cloth vs. raw wool)  Subsidies- governments provide grants of money to help start a new business  Control oversee sources of goods

15  Foreign country were looked at as rivals  At any time they could cut off resources  European nations worked to become self sufficient

16  Building of colonial empires essential mercantilist system  Control sources of raw materials  Provide new markets for manufactured goods  Colonies could only sell to home country  Colonies only existed to benefit the home country

17  Towns and cities grew as business increased  Wealthier merchants arose  Wealthy merchants enjoyed mobility  Most people are still poor

18  Most economic activity is carried on by the private individual or organization for profit  Individuals not governments amass great fortunes  Merchants supply colonies with goods from Europe

19  Brought back raw materials and products from the Americas  Overseas trade made wealthy merchants  Business activity in Europe increases

20  Investors took risks and invested overseas  Demand drove up prices  Increase of money supply in Europe caused increase  Shiploads of gold and silver flowed to Europe from America

21  Joint-stock companies- investors began to pool their money to fund even larger businesses  Investor bought shares  If company achieved a profit they all shared  Based on number of shares

22  If company failed investors only lost the cost of their shares  British East India Company- first joint stock company  Founded in 1600 to import spices from Asia

23  Other companies formed because of the expenses of forming a new colony  The Virginia Company of London established the first successful colony in America  Jamestown Virgina


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