3. By the 1830s, there were two schools of painting (especially in France): The Neoclassical School (Jean-Louis David) The Neoclassical School (Jean-Louis David) The Romantics (Delacroix) The Romantics (Delacroix) Painters often swapped elements of each school (a neoclassical idea painted in a romantic way or vice versa). Background of the Romantic Art Movement

4. The French Neoclassicists Jacques-Louis David Antoine-Jean Gros

5. Virtual dictator of European painting from 1800-1820. Virtual dictator of European painting from 1800-1820. No matter how revolutionary the subject, used traditional, neoclassical techniques. No matter how revolutionary the subject, used traditional, neoclassical techniques. Stressed line, form, perspective. Stressed line, form, perspective. Jacques-Louis David (French, 1748-1825)

6. David Napoleon Crossing Saint Bernard

7. David - Coronation of Napoleon

8. David - The Tennis Court Oath

9. David Death of Marat

10. David; Death of Socrates

11. Moved away from the ideas of his teacher, Jacques-Louis David. Moved away from the ideas of his teacher, Jacques-Louis David. Followed the more emotional style of Flemish Baroque painter Peter Paul Rubens. Followed the more emotional style of Flemish Baroque painter Peter Paul Rubens. Still Neoclassical at heart. Still Neoclassical at heart. Series of battle paintings glorifying Napoleon. Series of battle paintings glorifying Napoleon. Antoine-Jean Gros (French, 1791-1824)

12. Gros Napoleon at Arcole Bridge, Nov. 17, 1796

13. The Spirit of the Age (1790-1850)  A sense of a shared vision among the Romantics.  Early support of the French Revolution.  Rise of the individual  alienation.  Dehumanization of industrialization.  Radical poetics / politics – an obsession with violent change.  A sense of a shared vision among the Romantics.  Early support of the French Revolution.  Rise of the individual  alienation.  Dehumanization of industrialization.  Radical poetics / politics – an obsession with violent change.

14. Characteristics of Romanticism  The Engaged & Enraged Artist Ø The artist apart from society. Ø The artist as social critic/revolutionary. Ø The artist as genius.  The Engaged & Enraged Artist Ø The artist apart from society. Ø The artist as social critic/revolutionary. Ø The artist as genius.

15. Characteristics of Romanticism  Glorification of Nature: Ø Peaceful, restorative qualities [an escape from industrialization and the dehumanization it creates]. Ø Awesome, powerful, horrifying aspects of nature. § Indifferent to the fate of humans. § Overwhelming power of nature.  Glorification of Nature: Ø Peaceful, restorative qualities [an escape from industrialization and the dehumanization it creates]. Ø Awesome, powerful, horrifying aspects of nature. § Indifferent to the fate of humans. § Overwhelming power of nature.

16. Characteristics of Romanticism  The Supernatural: Ø Ghosts, fairies, witches, demons. Ø The shadows of the mind—dreams & madness. Ø A reaction to rationalism [an escape from reason!]  The Supernatural: Ø Ghosts, fairies, witches, demons. Ø The shadows of the mind—dreams & madness. Ø A reaction to rationalism [an escape from reason!]

17. Characteristics of Romanticism  Exoticism: Ø The sexy “other.” Ø A sense of escape from reality. Ø A psychological/moral justification of imperialism? 5. Revival of Past Styles: Ø Gothic & Romanesque revival.  Exoticism: Ø The sexy “other.” Ø A sense of escape from reality. Ø A psychological/moral justification of imperialism? 5. Revival of Past Styles: Ø Gothic & Romanesque revival.

18. The Enlightenment Society is good, curbing violent impulses! Civilization corrupts; institutions have rippling effects! Romanticism Early 19c

20. Lady Macbeth - Henry Fuseli, 1794

22. Wandering Above the Sea of Fog Caspar David Friedrich, 1818

23. The Dreamer Gaspar David Friedrich, 1835

24. Solitary Tree Caspar David Friedrich, 1823

26. An Avalanche in the Alps Philip James de Loutherbourg, 1803

27. Sunset After a Storm On the Coast of Sicily – Andreas Achenbach, 1853

28. The Deluge Francis Danby, 1840

29. Tree of Crows Caspar David Friedrich, 1822

30. The Wreck of the Hope (aka The Sea of Ice) Caspar David Friedrich, 1821

31. Shipwreck – Joseph Turner, 1805

32. The Raft of the Medusa Th é odore G é ricault, 1819

33. The Eruption of Vesuvius - John Martin

35. Isaac Newton – William Blake, 1795

37. Rain, Steam, and Speed Joseph Mallord William Turner, 1844

38. Rain, Steam, & Speed (details)

39. The Slave Ship Joseph Mallord William Turner, 1842

40. The Slave Ship (details)

41. Man and Woman Contemplating the Moon Gaspar David Friedrich, 1825

42. Moonrise by the Sea Gaspar David Friedrich, 1821

44. Flatford Mill – John Constable, 1817

45. The Corn Field John Constable, 1826

46. The Hay Wain - John Constable, 1821

48. Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop’s Ground John Constable, 1825

49. Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows John Constable, 1831

50. Hadleigh Castle - John Constable, 1829

51. Eldena Ruin Caspar David Friedrich, 1825

52. Winter Landscape with Church Gaspar David Friedrich, 1811

53. British Houses of Parliament 1840-1865

55. Cloister Cemetery in the Snow Caspar David Friedrich, 1817-1819

56. Abbey in an Oak Forest Caspar David Friedrich, 1809-1810

57. Mad Woman With a Mania of Envy Theodore Gericault, 1822-1823 Mad Woman With a Mania of Envy Theodore Gericault, 1822-1823

58. Pity - William Blake, 1795

59. The Great Red Dragon and the Woman Clothed with the Sun William Blake, 1808-1810

60. Stonehenge - John Constable, 1836

61. Nightmare (The Incubus) Henry Fuseli, 1781

62. Manfred and the Witch of the Alps John Martin - 1837

63. Witches Sabbath Francisco Goya, 1798

64. Procession of Flagellants on Good Friday Francisco Goya, 1793

65. Saturn Devours His Son Francisco Goya, 1819-1823

67. Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi Eug è ne Delacroix, 1827

68. Liberty Leading the People Eug è ne Delacroix, 1830

69. Detail of the Musket Bearer Delacroix, himself

70. The Burning of Parliament (1) Joseph Turner, 1834-1835

71. The Rise of the Cartheginian Empire Joseph Turner, 1815

72. His Majesty’s Ship, “Victory” (Trafalgar) - John Constable, 1806

73. An Officer of the Imperial Horse Guard Th é odore G é ricault, 1814

74. Napoleon at the St. Bernard Pass David, 1803 Napoleon at the St. Bernard Pass David, 1803

75. The Shooting of May 3, 1808 Francisco Goya, 1815

76. Pandemonium - John Martin, 1841

78. Grand Canal, Venice Joseph Mallord William Turner, 1835

79. Massacre of Chios - Eug è ne Delacroix, 1824

80. The Fanatics of Tangiers Eug è ne Delacroix, 1837-1838

81. The Sultan of Morocco and His Entourage Eug è ne Delacroix, 1845

82. Women of Algiers in Their Apartment Eug è ne Delacroix, 1834

83. The Turkish Bath Jean Auguste Ingres, 1852-1863

84. The Bullfight - Francisco Goya

85. Charge of the Mamelukes, May 2 nd, 1808 Francisco Goya, 1814

86. The Royal Pavillion at Brighton John Nash, 1815-1823

88. God as the Architect - William Blake, 1794

89. Elohim Creating Abraham William Blake, 1805

90. Body of Abel Found by Adam and Eve William Blake, 1825

91. Faust and Mephistopheles Eug è ne Delacroix, 1826-1827

92. The Seventh Plague of Egypt John Martin, 1823

93. The Cathedral Gaspar David Friedrich, 1818

94. The Cathedral (details) Gaspar David Friedrich, 1818

95. The Great Age of the Novel   Gothic Novel: Jane Eyre - Charlotte Bronte Wuthering Heights - Emily Bronte  Historical Novel: Ivanhoe - Sir Walter Scott Les Miserables - Victor Hugo The Three Musketeers – Alexander Dumas   Gothic Novel: Jane Eyre - Charlotte Bronte Wuthering Heights - Emily Bronte  Historical Novel: Ivanhoe - Sir Walter Scott Les Miserables - Victor Hugo The Three Musketeers – Alexander Dumas

96. The Great Age of the Novel  Science Fiction Novel: Frankenstein - Mary Shelley Dracula – Bramm Stoker  Novel of Purpose: The Road to Ruin - Thomas Holcroft  Science Fiction Novel: Frankenstein - Mary Shelley Dracula – Bramm Stoker  Novel of Purpose: The Road to Ruin - Thomas Holcroft

98. Other Romantic Writers Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm - Grimm’s Fairy Tales Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Faust

99. The Romantic Poets  Percy Byssche Shelley  Lord Byron (George Gordon)  Samuel Taylor Coleridge  William Wordsworth  John Keats  William Blake  Percy Byssche Shelley  Lord Byron (George Gordon)  Samuel Taylor Coleridge  William Wordsworth  John Keats  William Blake

100. George Gordon’s (Lord Byron) Poem The Prisoner of Chillon George Gordon’s (Lord Byron) Poem The Prisoner of Chillon

101. Mary Shelley Frankenstein Mary Shelley Frankenstein

102. Sir Walter Scott Ivanhoe Sir Walter Scott Ivanhoe

103. William Wordsworth’s Poem, Tintern Abbey William Wordsworth’s Poem, Tintern Abbey

104. Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s Poem, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s Poem, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

105. Bibliographic Sources  CGFA: A Virtual Art Museum. http://cgfa.sunsite.dk/fineart.htm http://cgfa.sunsite.dk/fineart.htm  “Romanticism” on Artchive. http://artchive.com/artchive/romanticism.html http://artchive.com/artchive/romanticism.html  CGFA: A Virtual Art Museum. http://cgfa.sunsite.dk/fineart.htm http://cgfa.sunsite.dk/fineart.htm  “Romanticism” on Artchive. http://artchive.com/artchive/romanticism.html http://artchive.com/artchive/romanticism.html