1. Romanticism By Steven Liu and Alex Rosen

2. Romanticism Late 1700s – Early 1800s Previous movement: Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassicism Coinciding movement: Neoclassicism, Realism Following movement: Impressionism Jean-Jacques Rousseau considered founder of movement

3. Influences Medieval stories Africa, Orient Rubens, Rembrandt French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s descriptions of natural beauty (1700) British philosopher Edmund Burke’s views on human attraction to sublime (1757)

4. Characteristics More focus on individualism and emotionalism than conventionalism and intellectualism Mysterious,unexplained, and possibly dangerous phenomena of the mind Emphasis on rich color, energetic brushstrokes, emotion, content, passion Paintings show nostalgia for past and idealistic participation in current events Return to an untamed nature

5. Characteristics (cont.) Insanity Medieval chivalry Tragedy Bold Exotic Melodrama Melancholy Images of war, solitary figures

6. Watercolor Made by mixing powdered pigments with water and a binder and drying agent (such as gum arabic) Commonly used paper as a ground Can be overlaid with another color to produce a wash effect Gouache- watercolor paint that becomes opaque when dried Popular among Constable, Turner, American landscape artists

7. Aquatint Combines principles of engraving and wash drawing Rosin- a form of powdered resin that protects against the effects of an acid bath Artist covers spaces between etched lines with rosin to control the acid’s effect Expands the range of grainy tones in prints

8. Historical Events 1737- French authorities begin sponsoring annual art exhibitions called the Salon May 3, 1808- Napoleon’s army rounds up and executes residents of Madrid in retaliation to rebelsexecutes residents of Madrid 1816- French frigate Medusa sinks off coast of Africa. Passengers survive for 13 days on “floating hell of death”floating hell of death

9. Historical Events (cont.) 1800s- Industrial Revolution; use of cast iron in architecturecast iron in architecture 1822-24- Greek war for independence from Turkey. Turks massacre Greek at Chiosat Chios July 1830- Paris insurrection; uprising against Bourbon king Charles XParis insurrection 1836- Transcendentalism

10. Edward Hicks The Peaceable Kingdom 1834 National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. Oil on canvas 29 3/8 in. x 35 ½ in.

11. Edward Hicks (1780- 1849) Expanded Romanticism to include folk art Embodied the romantic idea of returning nature Folk artists are not academically trained Characteristics include flat, unnatural proportions, spontaneous appearance, lack of Classical tradition

12. John Constable Sailsbury Cathedral from the Bishops Garden 1820 Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York Oil on canvas 2 ft 10 5/8 in. x 3 ft 8 in.

13. John Constable The Hay Wain 1821 National Gallery, London Oil on canvas 50 ¾ in. x 72 ¾ in.

14. John Constable (1776-1837) One of the greatest English Romantic landscape painters Among the first painters to paint outdoors First to paint clarity, depth, shadow of water

15. John Nash Royal Pavilion 1815-1818 Brighton, England

16. John Nash (1752-1835) Revived historical styles in Romantic architecture Incorporated Far East Went bankrupt in 1793 Later became a member of the prince regeant’s circle Made fortune in real estate

17. Théodore Géricault The Raft of the Medusa 1819 Louvre, Paris Oil on canvas 16 ft x 23 ft

18. Théodore Géricault (1791-1824) Developed Romanticism in France Committed to social justice and psychology Portrayed individual against social injustice and struggle of humanity against the elements Studied the insane between 1822-23 Died at age of 33

19. Eugène Delacroix Massacre at Chios 1822-24 Louvre, Paris Oil on canvas 13 ft 10 in. x 11 ft 7 in.

20. Eugène Delacroix Liberty Leading the People 1830 Louvre, Paris Oil on canvas 8 ft 6 in. x 10 ft 7 in.

21. Eugène Delacroix (1798-1863) Most prominent French Romantic painter Stood for color over line Artwork uses broad sweeps of color, lively patterns, energetic figural groups Shared Lord Byron’s nostalgia for ancient Greece

22. Francisco de Goya y Lucientes The Executions of the Third of May, 1808 1814 Prado, Madrid Oil on canvas 8 ft 9 in. x 11 ft 4 in.

23. Francisco de Goya y Lucientes (1746-1828) Brought Romanticism to Spain Appointed painter of King Charles IV of Spain Championed Enlightenment views of individual freedom against political oppression