2. Chicago Bar Association Family Law Presentation February 22, 2007 Presented by: John W. Hayes, Managing Director Anchor Planning & Valuations, Ltd.

3. Forensic Reconstruction Techniques

4. Individual Reconstruction  Lifestyle Cash Flow  Net Worth

5. Business Reconstruction  Unreported Income  Non-business Expenditures

6. The Engagement  Meet with Attorney/Client  Define & Plan Engagement  Obtain Engagement Letter  Obtain Large Retainer  Run Background Check  Search Public Records

7. The Engagement  Prepare Document Request  Analyze Financial Information  Interview All Parties  If Business, Tour Premises  Perform Forensic Procedures  Prepare Forensic Report

8. Unreported Income Risk Factors  Motives  Messy Divorce  Drug or Gambling Habits  Hide Assets from Spouse  Financial Needs  Peer Pressure  Affair  Heavy Debt  Excess Lifestyle

9. Unreported Income Risk Factors  Opportunity  Spouse Controls Financial Records  Spouse Controls Family Spending  Spouse Owns Cash Business  Business Pays Personal Expenses

10. Individual Reconstruction  Lifestyle Cash Flow  24 Months Prior to Separation  Data input all expenditures  Analyze categories for reasonableness  Include estimated cash expenditures  Prepare Exhibit

15. Business Reconstruction  5-Year Spreadsheet  Vertical and Horizontal Analysis  Comparison to Industry Ratios  Identify Period When Ratios Changed

16. Business Reconstruction  Determine Mark Up on Cost of Goods  Look for Overstatement of Expenses  Reconstruction Sales Bases Upon Mark Up

22. Questions & Answers

23. What is Business Valuation? The act or process of determining the value of a business enterprise or ownership interest therein.

24. Uses of Business Valuation Reports  Related to Buying / Selling  Sale of a Business  Mergers & Acquisitions  Divestiture  Initial Public Offerings  Allocation of Acquisition Price  Buy/Sell Agreements  Franchise Valuation or Evaluation  Split-ups/Spin-offs

25. Other Than Buying/Selling  Adequacy of Life Insurance  Gifting Programs  Estate and Gift Taxes  Charitable Contributions  Eminent Domain

26. Other Than Buying/Selling  Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOP’s)  Fairness Opinions  Lease versus Buy  Mediation & Arbitration  Succession Planning

27. Litigation Support  Dissenting shareholder actions  Divorce  Economic Loss Analysis  Disruption of Business  Partner Disputes  Wrongful Death

28. Types of Clients  Business Owners  Attorneys  Judges  Creditors  Financial Institutions and Planners  Insurance Companies  Real Estate Appraisers  Other Business Valuators

29. Who Can Be A Qualified Valuator?  Economists  Investment Bankers  Business Brokers  Financial Analysts  Certified Public Accountants (CPA’s)

31. Professional Designations  American Society of Appraisers (ASA)  Accredited Senior Appraiser  Institute of Business Appraisers (CBA)  Certified Business Appraiser  National Association of Valuation Analysts (CVA)  Certified Valuation Analyst

32. Professional Designations  American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (ABV)  Accredited in Business Valuation  Canadian Institute of Chartered Business Valuators (CBV)  Chartered Business Valuator  Association for Investment Management and Research (CFA)  Chartered Financial Analysts  Oriented primarily to public companies, includes material on private company valuation, and several hundred CFA’s specialize

33. Professional Standards Uniform Standards of Appraisal Practice (USPAP)  Established in 1987 by The Appraisal Foundation  Consists of eight (8) appraisal organization and ten (10) non-appraisal organizations interested primarily in real estate appraisals  The most widely cited and recognized set of professional standards for appraisals is the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP), published by The Appraisal Foundation.

34. Professional Standards  The Foundation is located at 1029 Vermont Ave., NW, Suite 900, Washington, D.C., 20005, ph: (202) 347- 7722.  USPAP is updated each year in November, to be effective the following January 1.  It covers appraisal for all disciplines, including real estate, personal property, and appraisal of businesses, business interests, and intangible assets.  Two (2) of USPAP’S ten (10) standards apply to business valuations and were added due to the number of members performing business appraisals.

35. Professional Standards  Standards published be each of the above organizations are somewhat more detailed than USPAP.  However, none of them are in conflict with USPAP.  All of these organizations’ standards are available at no charge.

36. Professional Standards Summary All Organizations Require:  Ethics  Competency  Consideration of all recognized valuation approaches  Clear and accurate reports

37. Selection of a Valuation Professional  Education  Training & Continuing Education in Business Valuation  Technical training, accreditation and certification  ASA, CBA, CVA, ABV, CBV and CFA  Experience  Certified Public Accountant  Specific Industry Experience - Skills and expertise in tax treatments, IRS regulations, financial analysis, and business valuation experience

38. “Top Ten” List for Attorneys 1. Define the project. 2. Understand the standard of value. 3. Involve the appraiser early on. 4. Distinguish between a business appraisal and a real estate appraisal. 5. Establish a reasonable time frame.

39. “Top Ten” List for Attorneys 6. Insist on an appraiser with experience and credentials. 7. Know the primary business valuation methods. 8. The appraisal is the first line of defense. 9. Litigation support issues. 10. Expect the best.

40. Definitions  Fair Market Value  The price at which an asset would change hands between a willing buyer and a willing seller  Enterprise and Invested Capital  The sum of debt and equity capital  Equity  This is the value to all shareholders

41. Definitions  Majority vs. Minority  Control premium – the premium, over the minority price, that a buyer would pay to gain control.  Discount for lack of control – the amount by which the majority value is reduced to obtain a minority value.  Marketability Discount  This reduction in value accounts for the stocks lack of a liquid market.

42. Definitions  Standards of Value  Fair Market Value  IRS Ruling 59-60 “…the amount at which the property would change hands between a willing buyer and a willing seller, when the former is not under any compulsion to buy and the latter is not under any compulsion to sell, both parties having reasonable knowledge of relevant facts.”  Fair Value  Defined by individual states and is based upon the case law precedents involving dissenting stockholder actions.

43. Definitions  Investment Value  Value of a business asset to a particular buyer as compared to a population of willing buyers.  The purpose and function of the business valuation is to determine the proper standard of value used in a valuation

44. Definitions  Premise of Value  Going Concern – The value of a business enterprise that is expected to continue to operate into the future. The intangible elements of Going Concern Value result from factors such as having a trained work force, an operational plant, and the necessary licenses, systems and procedures in place.

45. Definitions  Liquidation Value – the net amount that can be realized if the business is terminated and the assets are sold piecemeal. Liquidation can be either “orderly” or “forced”  Orderly  Liquidation value at which the asset or assets are sold over a reasonable period of time to maximize proceeds received.  Forced  Liquidation value at which the asset or assets are sold as quickly as possible, such as at an auction.

49. John W. Hayes, CPA/ABV, ASA, CVA Toll Free: (800) 898-3048  Email: anchorjwh@cs.comanchorjwh@cs.com 1010 Jorie Blvd  Suite 380  Oak Brook, IL 60523 Telephone: (630) 573-7654  Fax: (630) 573-9930 Cell: (630) 670-7654