1. Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012 Adapting e-learning materials to students' intelligence type Janko Žufić Department of pre-school and primary school teaching University Juraj Dobrila, Pula Damir Kalpić Department of applied computing Faculty of electrical engineering and computing University of Zagreb

2. Introduction How to adapt e-material to be equally effective for each student? Students differ in: foreknowledge learning style intelligence... Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012

3. Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012 Students will learn most effectively if the e- material is adapted to suit them. Criterium for adjustment: intelligence The most frequent models / theories of intelligence structures are : Multiple Intelligences (Gardner, 1983.) The Triarchic Model (Stenberg, 2003.) Structure of Intellect Model (Guilford 1967.) The Tree-Stratum Theory (Carroll, 1993.) Two-factor' theory of intelligence (Spearman, 1927.) –For almost every model / theory there are developed numerous tests of intelligence The adaptability of e-materials

4. Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012 Research Students of eighth grade in 10 elementary schools in Istria - Croatia (> 500 students) Intelligence of students tested The division of students into four groups With the strongest verbal factor - Verb Factor with the strongest non-verbal -NoVerb With the strongest mathematical-logical factor - ML Control group consisted of three previous - Cont

5. Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012 Creating 3 e-materials – one each for every group of students - based on guidelines from the literature

6. Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012 Creating 3 e-materials Development of e-material for the 4 th (control) group: the above guidelines do not apply

7. Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012 Results 19.34% better results verb groups 14.16% better results NoVerb groups 19.94% better results ML groups from the control group (the significance level P=0.05)

8. Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012 Development of EduPsy In adaptive hypermedia EduPsy system, there are functionality tests of intelligence developed individually for each student (optional) E-materials are created for each individual student, based on the tests of intelligence results, learning styles and other elements

9. Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012 Testing the intelligence on the computer

10. Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012 Entry of learning materials into the EduPsy System The teacher of the course does not have to possess advanced IT knowledge. Teacher spends extra time to prepare materials

11. Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012 The structure of the teaching units Editor Paragraph: Enter / edit text Enter keywords Prioritization section Name of the modul Insert audio, video, pictures or other files Button to create the questions on a passage (new win dow) Highlight terms … Button to create a new paragraph Insert a link to the Internet, other sources of interesting games, Chat Space for st udent’s questions Entry materials for learning in the system EduPsy

12. Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012 Data storage in MS ACCESS Name of the particles The content of the particles Date of material Teachers IDpriority of occurrence

13. Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012 Design of e-materials The application pulls the known parameters of student’s: –Intelligence –Learning style –Combination of text and background color –How many times the student had to go through the teaching material –Success of self-testing –Priorities of reccurenies … and displays material adapted to each student using about 15 CSS files (Cascading Style Sheets) with DIV containers and attributes

14. Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012 Division of the screen

15. Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012 Division of the screen

16. Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012 Principles of design of e-materials ML Teaching strategies The application in the EduPsy System PROGRAMMED TEACHING To divide the text into smaller units To receive feedback To direct the activity of an individual to the right direction To continue only if the self test is successful To set teaching goals Up to 1000 characters of text (2-4 paragraphs) Self-tests with feedback Comments on Self-Testing If a student does not pass the self-test, repeat the whole learning process for each unit and present the teaching goal HEURISTIC INSTRUCTION To apply the strict structure of teaching materials and encourage the discovery of new content Set up a hierarchical table of contents Set up links to instructional materials marked with 'Level: Advanced', 'internet','Other sources' PROBLEMS’ CLASSES Cooperation, brain-storming, creating an alternative to other persons Setting up links: E-mail, chat with colleagues,go to the Forum and Facebook SOCRATES' METHOD Asking questions to get the answer Highlight certain concepts Ask questions that will direct students to seek answers. Highlight important concepts through B, I, U and font color

17. Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012 "Mathematical-logical" materials Hierarchical Table of contents You are here links to additional materials Communication Self-tests Asking questions (Socratic method)

18. Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012 NonVerb Teaching strategies The application in the EduPsy system - Pictures, - Videos, - Illustrated books - Use different colors and sizes for text and highlight key words or concepts - Pictures or sketches at the beginning - Visit the places where the course content can be seen - Imaginative games - Use as many pictures - Use the video - Use the illustrated PDF, Flash, animation, or similar file - Highlight key words and concepts in a different color and size and place them in textboxes - Put a picture or sketch of the beginning of the course content - Links to the materials 'Internet', 'video, “ and "Other Sources' - Link to the game - if available Principles of e-material’s design

19. “NonVerbal" materials Animations and games Videos

20. Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012 Principles of e-material’s design Verbal Teaching strategiesThe application in the system EduPsy - Highlight key words - Ask questions that require answers in the form of essays. - Ask questions that begin with 'how‘, 'why' and 'what' - Love to listen to new content - Questions that are answered in one word - Explain / narrate the topic which is discussed - Set up links to answers - Formation of the B, I, U, and font color - Questions that require answers in the form of essays. - Ask questions that begin with 'How', 'What' and 'Why' - Insert the audio content of the teaching material if available - Ask questions that require a short answer - Ask students to recount what was taught and recorded without explanation. The students should listen to the recording. - Set up links to instructional materials marked with 'Advanced', 'internet', 'Other sources'

21. Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012 “Verbal" materials Audio contents

22. Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012 Verbal e-materials recording audio content Feedback, wrong Feedback, correct recommendations to continue or not Feedback

23. Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012 Results Tests of the 1 st year Teaching Education students at the Juraj Dobrila University at Pula, indicate 11-17% better performance of the students who learned with adaptable e-materials than the results of the control group

24. Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012 Conclusion - Teacher utilizes extra time to prepare teaching materials -Learning efficiency is better

25. Žufić - Kalpić - DAAD - 12 th Workshop Opatija 2 - 9 September 2012 Questions? Comments?