1. THE SIX KINGDOMS Bacteria Arachea
Bacteria
Arachea

2. General Characteristics:
Bacteria
Arachea
General Characteristics:
Prokaryotes
One celled
Smaller cells (Compared to other types of cells)
Most have cell walls
Asexual reproduction (Fission)

3. Bacteria like a warm, dark, and moist environment
They are found almost everywhere:
-water -air
-soil -food
-skin -inside the body
-on most objects

4. Bacteria Survival – Food sources
producers – make their own food
decomposers – get food from breaking down dead matter into simple chemicals
parasites – bacteria that feed on living things
important- because they send minerals and other materials back into the soil so other organisms can use them

5. Producers – make their own food
Earths ocean contain Cyanobacteria that produce much of the worlds oxygen

6. Decomposers – get food from breaking down dead matter into simple chemicals
important- because they send minerals and other materials back into the soil so other organisms can use them

7. Parasites – feed on living things
These bacteria harm the organims they live on (the host)
Staphylococcus infection

8. Bacteria are classified by shape into 3 groups:
3 Shapes of Bacteria
Bacteria are classified by shape into 3 groups:
Spiral:
spirilla
rod-shaped: bacilli, bacillus
Round:
cocci

9. Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Capsule
Cell wall
Ribosomes
Nucleoid
Flagella
Pilli
Cytoplasm

10. Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Capsule
keeps the cell from drying out and helps it stick to food or other cells

11. Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Cell wall
Thick outer covering that maintains the overall shape of the bacterial cell

12. Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Ribosomes
cell part where proteins are made

13. Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Nucleoid
a ring made up of DNA

14. Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Flagella
a whip-like tail that some bacteria have for locomotion

15. Pilli Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
hollow hair-like structures made of protein
allows bacteria to attach to other cells.
Pilli-singular
Pillus-plural

16. Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Cytoplasm
clear jelly-like material that makes up most of the cell

17. BINARY FISSION Bacteria dividing Completed Reproduction of Bacteria
the process of one organism dividing into two organisms
a type of asexual reproduction
Bacteria dividing
Completed

18. Reproduction of Bacteria
The time of reproduction depends on how desirable the conditions are
Bacteria can rapidly reproduce themselves in warm, dark, and moist conditions
Some can reproduce every 20 minutes
(one bacteria could be an ancestor to one million bacteria in six hours)

19. Bacteria Survival
Endospore-
a thick celled structure that forms inside
the cell
allows the bacteria to survive for many years when the conditions for life are not good
they can withstand boiling, freezing, and extremely dry conditions
it encloses all the nuclear materials
and some cytoplasm

20. Some bacteria cause diseases/illnesses
Harmful Bacteria
Some bacteria cause diseases/illnesses
TB, cholera, strep throat and plague (to name a few)
Bacteria produce chemicals that damage cells and tissues.
Many Communicable Diseases are caused by bacteria.–
Disease passed from one organism to another

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Harmful Bacteria
Human tooth with accumulation of bacterial plaque (smooth areas) and calcified tartar (rough areas)

22. nodules on soybean roots
Helpful Bacteria
help make nutrients in the soil available for other organisms to grow (Nitrogen)
nodules on soybean roots
Used to treat sewage,
digest the waste

23. E.coli on small intestines
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Helpful Bacteria
E.coli on small intestines

24. Helpful Bacteria
Helps to make foods like yogurt, cottage & Swiss cheese, sour cream, buttermilk are made from bacteria that grows in milk

25. Archaea Are similar in size to bacteria .
They can survive in a large range of environments.
They are classified by where they live.

26. Methanogens They make methane (natural gas) as a waste product.
They are found in swamp sediments, sewage, and in buried landfills.
Beginning in September (2010) the two sewage treatment plants in Norway’s capital will collect methane, a byproduct of the microbial process that breaks down sewage, and pump it into city buses. City officials say the switch will cut fuel costs and reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by both the treatment plants and the buses.
The city of Oslo is converting 80 municipal buses to run on biomethane captured from human waste

27. Halophiles
These are salt-loving grow in places like the Great Salt Lake of Utah.

28. Thermophiles
Live in hot springs and other high temperature environments. Some can grow above the boiling temperature of water. Some have been found in very cold conditions “Polar Ice.”
Hot springs in Yellowstone

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The End

30. 3 ways to control bacteria:
Controlling Bacteria
3 ways to control bacteria:
1) Canning- the process of sealing food in airtight cans or jars after killing bacteria
endospores are killed during this process
2) Pasteurization- process of heating milk to kill harmful bacteria
3) Dehydration- removing water from food
Bacteria can’t grow when H2O is removed
example: uncooked noodles & cold cereal

31. Controlling Bacteria
Antiseptic vs. Disinfectants
Antiseptic- chemicals that kill bacteria on living things
means – “against infection”
Examples: iodine, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, soap, mouthwash
Disinfectants- stronger chemicals that destroy bacteria on objects or nonliving things

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Pictures of Bacteria

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34. EXAMPLES OF BLUE-GREEN BACTERIA
take_action.htm
Lake Champlain

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Bacillus anthracis - rod, vegetative stage prokaryote (bacterium) Image Number: 21185A

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Neisseria meningitidis - coccus prokaryote (bacterium) Image Number: 97214E

37. Leptospira interrogans - spiral shaped prokaryote (spirochete)
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Leptospira interrogans - spiral shaped prokaryote (spirochete)