1. L3 Biology Chapter 1 Section 2
Cell Structure
L3 Biology
Chapter 1
Section 2

2. What is a cell?
Smallest unit of life that can carry out all the functions of a living thing.
Various sizes and shapes
Organism- living thing
Unicellular
multicellular

3. Microscope Development
1665 – Robert Hooke named cell
1674 – Anton von Leeuwenhoek - looked at cells in pond water and blood and published his observations

4. Cell Theory Developed 1838 – Schleiden – all plants are made of cells
1839 – Schwann – all
animals are made of cells
1855 – Virchow – all cells come from
pre-existing cells

5. Modern Cell Theory Cells are the basic units of all life.
All organisms are made of one or more cells
All cells come from pre-existing cells

6. Microscopes
Hand lens
Compound light microscope

7. Cells from Labs:

8. Electron Microscope Uses electrons for energy source
Specimen must be killed
Transmission electron microscope (TEM) – take pictures of slices of specimen

9. TEM Examples

10. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) –
take pictures of surface of specimen

11. SEM Examples

12. Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Simple cell
No membrane-bound organelles
Chromosome not contained in nucleus
Small cells
Ex - bacteria
Eukaryotic
Complex cell
Membrane-bound organelles
Chromosomes contained in nucleus
Larger cells
Ex – all other organisms

13. BASIC CELL STRUCTURES
Cell Membrane – Double layer of lipids (fats) that lets stuff in and out of cell

14. Cytoskeleton Cell support Anchors organelles Transports materials
Helps cell
move

15. Nucleus Control center of cell Contains Chromosomes
Humans have 46 in each cell
Made of DNA
- control heredity
- control protein synthesis
Surrounded by double membrane – nuclear membrane

16. Cell Membrane

17. Nucleolus Within nucleus May be more than one Makes ribosomes
Rich in RNA

18. Cellular Organelles – small, specialized structures in the cell

19. Ribosomes Make proteins Some are free, some are attached
to endoplasmic
reticulum.
Smallest
organelles

20. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Transports materials through the cytoplasm
Rough ER – have ribosomes attached
Transport proteins
Helps make membranes
Smooth ER – no ribosomes attached
Makes lipids
Detoxifies wastes

22. Golgi Body Packages cell secretions Makes lysosomes
Contain digestive enzymes for breaking down food in food vacuoles and old, worn out structures – ex – sperm tail after fertilization.

23. Site of cellular respiration – food is broken down to release energy.
Mitochondrion
Site of cellular respiration – food is broken down to release energy.

24. Structures used for Movement
Cilia
Flagella

25. Eukaryotic Cells include Plant and Animal Cells
ANIMAL CELL STRUTURE

26. Plant cells have some parts that animal cells don’t
Cell Wall
Central Vacuole
Plastids
Chloroplasts
Leukoplasts
chromoplasts

27. What animal cells have that plant cells don’t
Centrioles – function during cell division
Lysosomes – contain digestive enzymes

28. Now you are ready to have a test on parts of a cell and what they do:
Make a chart like below:
Cell part appearance function
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Etc.

29. Feature Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
In addition, you should be able to name some differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Make a chart like this:
Feature Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

30. THE END