1. Introduction to Anatomical Directions and Orientation
Lecture 1, Part 2:
Introduction to Anatomical
Directions and Orientation

2. Anatomical Position Hands at sides Palms facing forward Feet together
Front view (anterior)
Back view (posterior)
Pg. 16 Figure 1-6

3. Anatomical Position – Supine vs. Prone
Lying with the front or face and hands facing upward
Prone –
Lying with the front or face and hands facing downward

4. A. Directional Terminology
Superior (cephalic or cranial) vs. Inferior (caudal)
Anterior (ventral) vs. Posterior (dorsal)
Lateral vs. Medial (mesial)
Proximal vs. Distal
Superficial vs. Deep
Pg. 19 Table 1-3!!!

5. Superficial vs. Deep Superficial – Deep –
Toward or at the body surface
Deep –
Away from the body surface

6. Anatomical Planes/Sections
Frontal (coronal) – divides the body into anterior/posterior parts
Transverse (horizontal) – divides the body into superior/inferior parts
Also known as a cross-section

7. Anatomical Planes/Sections
Sagittal – divides the body into right and left parts
Midline

9. Anatomical Directions Lab
Lab report is due in one week!!
Please follow the protocol given to you and make sure you have drawings or pictures with labels.
YES…you may use your cell phone to take pictures!!

10. Major Body Cavities & Structures
Cavity – hollow area within the body
Two Major Cavities:
Dorsal
Cranial Cavity – pg. 207
Vertebral Cavity – pg. 224
Ventral: houses a group of internal organs (viscera); subdivided into:
Thoracic Cavity – ribs and chest
Abdominal Cavity – directly below the diaphragm
Pelvic Cavity – below Abdominal Cavity

11. Anterior VIEW of Body Cavities
Ventral
body cavity
(thoracic
and
abdomino-
pelvic
cavities)
Abdomino-
cavity
Superior
mediastinum
Pleural
Cranial
Vertebral
Pericardial
cavity within
the mediastinum
Diaphragm
Abdominal cavity
(contains digestive
viscera)
Pelvic cavity
(contains bladder,
reproductive organs,
and rectum)
Thoracic
(contains
heart
and lungs)
(b) Anterior view
Key:
Dorsal body cavity
Ventral body cavity
Figure 1.9b

12. Abdominopelvic REGIONS
Epi= upon
Hypo= low
Chondri= cartilage
Iliac= hip
Gastric = stomach

13. Cardiovascular System
The 11 Body Systems
Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Cardiovascular System
Lymphatic System
Respiratory System
Digestive System
Urinary System
Reproductive System
Pages

14. Integumentary & Skeletal Systems
Day 1
Integumentary & Skeletal Systems
Integumentary System Skeletal System

15. Muscular & Nervous Systems
Day 1
Muscular & Nervous Systems
Muscular System Nervous System

16. Endocrine & Cardiovascular Systems
Day 1
Endocrine & Cardiovascular Systems
Endocrine System Cardiovascular System

17. Lymphatic & Respiratory Systems
Day 1
Lymphatic & Respiratory Systems
Lympathic System Respiratory System

18. Digestive & Urinary Systems
Day 1
Digestive & Urinary Systems
Digestive System Urinary System

19. Day 1
Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System Female Reproductive System

20. D. Clinical Terminology
Read “Sectional Anatomy and Clinical Technology” pgs in A & P Applications Manual.
Radiography –
Film records (radiographs) of internal structures of the body made by electromagnetic radiation (X-rays, gamma rays, radio waves) passing through the body to act on special film
CT/CAT (computerized axial tomography) –
Imaging technique that uses X-rays to reconstruct the body’s 3-D structure
CT/CAT scanning machine

21. D. Clinical Terminology
Day 1
D. Clinical Terminology
PET (position emission tomography) –
Imaging technique that shows the chemical functioning and structure of organs
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) –
Imaging technique that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to show subtle structure differences
Ultrasound –
Imaging technique that uses brief bursts of high-frequency sound waves reflected by internal structures
PET scan of 20-yr old’s brain
Fetal ultrasound