1. Latin American Revolutions

2. Society Divided Class dictated people’s place in society
1st - Peninsulares - Born in Spain
2nd - Creoles - Spaniards born in Latin America
3rd Mestizos - Euro and “Indian” ancestry
4th Mulattos - Euro and African
5th - “Indians”

3. Revolutions in the Americas
Revolution in Haiti ,000 Africans revolted
By All slaves free in Haiti
Independent from France

4. Creoles Lead Independence
Creoles educated
Enlightenment ideas
Revolt after Spanish king replaced

5. Simon Bolivar Venezuelan Creole
Declared independence from Spain
Suffered many defeats
Finally won Ven’s independence
Met Jose de San Martin in Ecuador

6. Jose de San Martin Argentinean Declared independence in 1816
Freed Chile
Peru Free - Last major war for independence

7. Mexico Ends Spanish Rule
Miguel Hidalgo - Priest called for rebellion against Spanish
Indian and Mestizos marched toward Mex. City
Army defeated Hidalgo in 1811

8. Mexico Ends Spanish Rule
Jose Maria Morelos - Rebels rallied around him and fought for 4 years
Creole officer defeated him in 1815
Rev in Spain --> Creoles nervous --> proclaim independence in 1821
Several C. American countries declare independence

9. Brazil’s Royal Liberator
No violent upheavals or bloodshed
Napoleon came to Portugal and Spain, Prince John fled
Rio de Janeiro became capital of Portuguese empire for 14 yrs.
After Napoleon, John returned to Portugal --> plan to make colony again

10. Brazil’s Royal Liberator
Son, Dom Pedro stayed behind
Creoles in Brazil demanded independence
Dom Pedro asked to rule, agreed
Declared independence