1. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Michael Hall Chapter 2 Psychosocial Health: Being Mentally, Emotionally, Socially, and Spiritually Well

2. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Objectives  Define psychosocial health in terms of its mental, emotional, and social components, and identify the basics traits shared by psychosocially healthy people.  Consider how each of the internal and external factors that influence psychosocial health may affect you.  Discuss the positive steps you can take to enhance psychosocial health.  Discuss the dimension of spirituality and the role that it plays in health and wellness.  Discuss the mind/body connection and show how emotions influence health status.

3. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Objectives – cont.  Identify and describe common psychosocial problems of adulthood.  Describe different types of anxiety disorders and their key risk factors.  Discuss warning signs of suicide and actions that can be taken to help a suicidal individual.  Explain the goals and methods of different types of health professionals and therapies.

4. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Defining Psychosocial Health  The mental, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of health  Basic elements of psychosocially healthy people: Feel good about themselves Feel comfortable around other people Can control tension and anxiety Can meet the demands of life Can curb hate and guilt Can maintain a positive outlook Enrich the lives of others Cherish the things that make them smile Value diversity Respect nature

5. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Psychosocial Health Figure 2.1

6. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Mental Health: The “Thinking” You  The “thinking” part of psychosocial health  Includes: values, attitudes, and beliefs about your body, family, your relationships, and life in general

7. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Emotional Health: The “Feeling” You  The “feeling” side of psychosocial health  Emotions – intensified or complex patterns of feelings  Four types: Resulting from harm, loss or threats Resulting from benefits Borderline emotions; such as hope and compassion Complex; such as grief, disappointment, bewilderment, and curiosity

8. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Social Health: Interactions With Others  Social Health – includes your interactions with others  Social Bonds – reflect level of closeness and attachment with others  Social Support – network of people and services (both tangible and intangible)

9. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Spiritual Health: An Inner Quest For Well-Being  Spirituality – refers to a belief in some unifying force that gives meaning to life  Spirituality addresses four main themes: Interconnectedness Practice of mindfulness Spirituality as a part of daily life Living in harmony with our community

10. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Four Major Themes Of Spirituality Figure 2.3

11. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Factors That Influence Psychosocial Health  External Factors The family The broader environment Social bonds  Internal Factors Self-efficacy and Self-esteem Learned helplessness versus Learned optimism Personality Life span and Maturity

12. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Enhancing Psychosocial Health  Build self-esteem and self-efficacy  Find a support group  Complete required tasks  Form realistic expectations  Make time for you  Maintain physical health  Seek help when necessary

13. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Sleep: The Great Restorer  Purpose of sleep Conservation of energy Restoration  Sleep disorders Insomnia Sleep Apnea

14. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings The Mind-Body Connection  Happiness  Subjective Well-Being 1.Satisfaction with present life 2.Relative presence of positive emotions 3.Relative absence of negative emotions

15. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Satisfaction with Life Scale Figure 2.5

16. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings When Psychosocial Health Deteriorates  Mental Illnesses – disorders that disrupt thinking, feeling, moods, and behaviors, and impair daily functioning.  Depression Risks include: genetic history, environment, situational triggers, poor behavioral skills, and brain-body chemistry Women suffer from depression nearly two times the rate of men: (8-11% men) to (19-23% women) Sub-groups within populations experience depression more than others, i.e. children, the elderly, adolescent girls, and college students

17. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Treating Depression  Cognitive therapy  Interpersonal therapy  Pharmacological therapy  Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

18. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Are You Depressed? Table 2.3

19. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Disorders  Bipolar Disorder  Anxiety Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Panic Disorders Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Phobic Disorders Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)  Schizophrenia

20. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Drug Treatments for Depression Table 2.4

21. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ABC News: Psychosocial Health Play Video Play Video | Psychosocial Health

22. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ABC News: Psychosocial Health Discussion Questions:  Do think that drug companies or the physicians who prescribe antidepressants to adolescents are responsible for the suicides of children taking such drugs?  Should parents of children taking antidepressants be informed of warning signs to watch for in their children?  Do you think that antidepressants administered to children should be banned? Why or why not?

23. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Gender Issues In Psychosocial Health  Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) – depression, irritability, and other symptoms of increased stress typically occurring just prior to menstruation and lasting one to two days  Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) – more severe case of PMS; presents at least 5 symptoms of PMS for 7-10 days, with at least one symptom being serious enough to interfere with home or work functions

24. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Suicide: Giving Up On Life  Each year >35,000 reported suicides in U.S.  Often results from poor coping skills, lack of social support, lack of self-esteem  College students are more likely to attempt suicide  Risk factors include: family history of suicide, previous suicide attempts, excessive drug or alcohol use, prolonged depression, financial difficulties

25. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Warning Signs Of Suicide  Recent loss of loved one  Change in personality  Change in behavior  Diminished sexual interest  Expressions of self-hatred  Change in sleep patterns and/or eating habits  Direct or indirect statement about attempting suicide  Final preparations, i.e. writing a will  Preoccupation with themes of death  Drastic mood swings  Marked changes in personal appearance

26. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Mental Health Professionals  Psychiatrist  Psychologist  Psychoanalyst  Clinical/Psychiatric Social Worker  Counselor  Psychiatric Nurse Specialist

27. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings How to Help Yourself if You Are Depressed Table 2.5

28. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Questions to Ask When Choosing a Therapist Table 2.6