1. Iowa State University/CTRE NCRST-I Projects

2. About CTRE Center for Transportation Research and Education Iowa State University/CCE Interdisciplinary MS Transportation Midwest Transportation Consortium (USDOT) 80+ year partnership with Iowa DOT 75 projects/$4M budget

3. Team Philosophy Focus on DOT needs Develop synergy with other projects –LRS, pavement management, GIS, crash systems, Asset management/GASB 34 Build on TRB/Pecora typology/thesis –Applications –Technologies –Issues (cost, accuracy, resolution, temporal …) Graduate Education/Extension (Outreach)

4. Functions: Engineering –Traffic Engineering –Transportation Safety Maintenance Motor Vehicle –Driver Services –Motor Carrier Services Planning and Programming –Program Management –Project Planning –Systems Planning Project Development –Bridges and Structures –Construction –Contracts –Design –Materials –Right of Way Street Addresses/911 Hydrology Land cover Land use Wells underground storage tanks wetlands driver data crash (crash, driver/ vehicle, injury) entrances reference points traffic and vehicle classification Boundaries (jurisdiction) markings and condition bridges/structures soils environment Cadastral Roadside features signs/ control devices speed limit/ no passing intermodal facility navigational waterways ports airports and runways drainage weight limits garages truck routes grade curve surface/structure RR crossing and traffic clearances/size limits deer kill Data: resources (fuels, materials) Adopt-a-Highway Cartography Photogrammetry Videolog CAD - as builts crashes = f(land use) no. of lanes/ functional class road/name/route shoulder

5. Functions: Engineering –Traffic Engineering –Transportation Safety Maintenance Motor Vehicle –Driver Services –Motor Carrier Services Planning and Programming –Program Management –Project Planning –Systems Planning Project Development –Bridges and Structures –Construction –Contracts –Design –Materials –Right of Way WWW roadway weather conditions Street Addresses/911 Hydrology Land cover Land use Wells underground storage tanks wetlands driver data crash (crash, driver/ vehicle, injury) entrances reference points traffic and vehicle classification Boundaries (jurisdiction) markings and condition bridges/structures soils environment Cadastral Roadside features signs/ control devices speed limit/ no passing intermodal facility navigational waterways ports airports and runways drainage weight limits garages truck routes grade curve RR crossing and traffic clearances/size limits deer kill Data: resources (fuels, materials) Adopt-a-Highway Cartography Photogrammetry Videolog CAD - as builts no. of lanes/ functional class road/name/route shoulder surface/structure

6. Asset Management Functions: Engineering –Traffic Engineering –Transportation Safety Maintenance Motor Vehicle –Driver Services –Motor Carrier Services Planning and Programming –Program Management –Project Planning –Systems Planning Project Development –Bridges and Structures –Construction –Contracts –Design –Materials –Right of Way Street Addresses/911 Hydrology Land cover Land use Wells underground storage tanks wetlands driver data crash (crash, driver/ vehicle, injury) entrances reference points traffic and vehicle classification Boundaries (jurisdiction) markings and condition bridges/structures soils environment Cadastral Roadside features signs/ control devices speed limit/ no passing intermodal facility navigational waterways ports airports and runways drainage weight limits garages truck routes grade curve RR crossing and traffic clearances/size limits deer kill Data: resources (fuels, materials) Adopt-a-Highway Cartography Photogrammetry Videolog CAD - as builts no. of lanes/ functional class road/name/route shoulder surface/structure

7. GIS - Crash Location and Analysis Functions: Engineering –Traffic Engineering –Transportation Safety Maintenance Motor Vehicle –Driver Services –Motor Carrier Services Planning and Programming –Program Management –Project Planning –Systems Planning Project Development –Bridges and Structures –Construction –Contracts –Design –Materials –Right of Way Street Addresses/911 Hydrology Land cover Land use Wells underground storage tanks wetlands driver data crash (crash, driver/ vehicle, injury) entrances reference points traffic and vehicle classification Boundaries (jurisdiction) markings and condition bridges/structures soils environment Cadastral Roadside features signs/ control devices speed limit/ no passing intermodal facility navigational waterways ports airports and runways drainage weight limits garages truck routes grade curve RR crossing and traffic clearances/size limits deer kill Data: resources (fuels, materials) Adopt-a-Highway Cartography Photogrammetry Videolog CAD - as builts no. of lanes/ functional class road/name/route shoulder surface/structure

8. Team Philosophy Focus on DOT needs Develop synergy with other projects –LRS, pavement management, GIS, crash systems, Asset management/GASB 34 Build on TRB/Pecora typology/thesis –Applications –Technologies –Issues (cost, accuracy, resolution, temporal …) Graduate Education/Extension (Outreach)

9. From: Cowen, D.J. and J.R. Jensen, People and Pixels, 1998.

10. Potential for RS Applications in Transportation

11. Application n Low Altitude Aerial Photography Calibrate/ Validate Planning Models Issues Time: Considerably faster than performing an O/D study or manual counts. No driver disruption. Cost: For peak hour model, cost of one flight during peak period Availability: Off the shelf technology, pictures can be taken every 15 minutes Ease of use: photos will need to be manually interpreted Accuracy: Images can be blown up in order to see vehicles, resolution & scale not really a concern for counting vehicles Applicability: Could have other uses although not corrected for distortions or scale Labor: Less labor intensive than previous ways Type of Sensing Application

12. ISU/CTRE Stakeholders Iowa DOT/MTC match @1/3 Local IDOT Steering Committee –Photogrammetry –GIS Coordinator –Research/Videolog Ian MacGillivray –IDOT Research/Engineering Director –Steering Committee –Speaker at DC conf

14. ISU/CTRE Team R. Souleyrette, PI –12 years (UNLV Nuke Waste/ISU GIS-T) –TRB GIS-T, Iowa DOT GIS S. Hallmark, PM –Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering –PhD GaTech –LRS, safety, vehicular dynamics, air quality 3 MS students (2 CE, 1 Trans)

15. ISU/CTRE Projects 1.Access Management 2.Pavement and Marking Condition 3.Infrastructure Point Features/LRS Control

16. Project #1: Access Management

17. Balance access and mobility Improve traffic flow and safety Local issue … businesses Rural issue … safety Access Management

18. 1 Mile = 1.60943 Kilometers Safety Impact of Access Control Crash rate per hundred-million Vehicle Kilometers UrbanRural Access ControlTotalFatalTotalFatal Full1161942 Partial30831314 None32722066 Source: Garber & Hoel 1999

19. source: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/////realestate /am_mich.pdf The Problem US Crash cost $150B+ per year (NHTSA) System-wide crash data now available No comprehensive inventory available On-road data collection is resource intensive

20. Access Related Data Elements Access roads –Presence –Configuration Driveways –Number –Dimensions –Frequency –Continuity –Vertical grade Medians –Type –Length Turn lanes –Length –Material Intersections –Proximity –Frequency

21. The Opportunity Correlate access w/crash history Determine relationships Identify hot spots Identify system deficiencies

22. Research Approach Identify features of interest Collect ground truth Extract features from imagery (quantitative) Estimate quality of access (qualitative) Correlate measures with crash rates Determine quality of data required to support analysis Work with partners on machine-assisted extraction

23. Sample Imagery

24. Project #2: Pavement and Marking Condition

25. Pavement Condition - The Problem Pavement/shoulder type –Inventory element –Safety concern Pavement condition assessment –Input to pavement management system –Requires field data collection Pavement condition analysis –Visual inspection/expert judgment is subjective –PMIS data collection is expensive

26. Research Approach: Pavement Condition Evaluation Identify measures obtainable from imagery –Cracks (by type) –Pavement type –Rutting (LIDAR?) Validate (IPMP Roadware Van) Benefit-cost analysis

27. Pavement Markings - The Problem Pavement markings –Wear out variably –Replaced on regular basis, or on “complaint” Marking program not directly dependent on condition –Remaining life is unknown –Maintenance expense

28. Research Approach - Pavement Marking Condition Evaluate spatial, spectral, temporal and radiometric requirements –Current marking visibility –Retro-reflectivity (surrogate measures?) –Remaining life Buffer vectors to reduce computational requirements of hyperspectral (subpixel analysis) Test available data and specify requirements Evaluate benefit of a systematic method

29. Project #3: Infrastructure Point Features/LRS Control

30. The Problem/Opportunity DOTs have huge spatial datasets and many LRMs NCHRP 20-27 LRS model (Vonderohe/Adams) –LRS relates methods –Iowa is early implementer Inventory of large systems is expensive –110,000 miles of road in Iowa

31. Iowa DOT LRS LRS datum = anchor points and anchor sections Control located using highly accurate methods (RTK GPS, etc.) Pilot did not test satellite imagery from anchor point to anchor point L 1 @195 m L 1 @353 m L 1 @604 m L 1 @781 m L 1 @908 m anchor section = 1164 m

32. Point Infrastructure Elements Pixel –Roadway intersection –Bridge abutments –Drainage structures –Railroad crossings –Ramp gore point Sub-pixel? –Signs –Mileposts –Utility access covers –Telephone poles

33. Approach Evaluate ability to extract features based on resolution w/partner institutions –pixel/sub-pixel –image interpretation/machine assisted Collect validation data (GPS) Statistical comparison RS vs.GPS Define resolution (SSTR) requirements Benefit/cost analysis Road Segment

34. Potential Future Projects Linear, areal and temporal features Intersection sight distance Elderly driver issues Vegetation growth Snow drifting/hydrology Parking Inventory

35. Questions/Suggestions?