1. The Nation Grows and Prospers
U.S. History
Chapter 11

2. Industrial Revolution Begins
Industrial Revolution was a long, slow process that completely changed the way in which goods were produced.
Began in Britain in mid-1700s

3. Industrial Revolution Begins
This industrialism depended on the development of the factory system

4. Factory System
System brought workers and machinery together to produce goods
Lowell, Mass.: model factory town, workers lived in clean, decent housing

5. Factory System
“Lowell girl”: worked in factory but returned home to marry
Workers, primarily women and children, worked long hours: 12 hours/day, 6 days/week

6. American Industry
Congress helped industry after the War of 1812 by establishing the second Bank of the United States
Congress also protected manufacturers by raising tariffs on imported goods

7. Urbanization Industrial Revolution led to increased U.S. urbanization
Population moved from the rural farming areas to the cities

8. Urbanization New York City became the city with the largest
population in 1840

9. Industrial Revolution Cause-Effect
Led to greater U.S. economic development
Urbanization of the U.S.

10. Traveling West
Private companies built turnpikes to improve America’s roads in early 1800s
Tolls collected from travelers on the turnpikes
Improved roads were set on a bed of gravel

11. Traveling West Mohawk Road followed Erie Canal
National Road extended from Maryland into Illinois
Wilderness Road, established by Daniel Boone, reached the Ohio River

12. Traveling West
Development of canals allowed western farmers to ship goods directly to eastern cities.

13. Era of Good Feelings
President James Monroe helped create a new sense of national unity.
Federalist Party disappeared by Monroe ran for a 2nd term unopposed.

14. Sectionalism
Loyalty to one’s state or section rather than to the nation as a whole.
Made national unity more difficult

15. Henry Clay Spoke for the West
Wanted to promote economic growth for all sections: American System

16. Henry Clay
American System failed: Congress refused to fund new roads, bridges, and canals.
Unintentionally furthered growth of sectionalism

17. John C. Calhoun Spoke for the South
As a southerner, he supported slavery

18. Industrial Revolution Cause-Effect
Improved roads leading to western growth of the nation
Sectionalism beginning to threaten national unity

19. Supreme Court Expands McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Court ruled that states had no power to control federal institutions within their borders.
Strengthened federal power

20. Supreme Court Expands Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
Only federal government has the power to regulate interstate commerce, or trade between states

21. Supreme Court Expands Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
Court ruled that that a state could regulate trade only within its own borders.

22. New Nations in the Americas
Creole: People born to Spanish parents in Latin America
Creoles demanded a role in government
Opposition to Spain was growing

23. Revolution in Latin America
Spanish colonies had to win independence through revolution
Led to rise of Latin American nations

24. Revolution in Latin America
Simon Bolivar: best known revolutionary leader, The Liberator
Led successful independence movements in South America

25. Spain Gives Up Florida
Spain agreed to sell Florida to the U.S. for $5 million
Spain busy fighting rebels in South America
Adams-Onis Treaty: 1821

26. Monroe Doctrine
Americans feared that Spain would try to regain its colonies in Latin America

27. Monroe Doctrine
President Monroe’s foreign policy statement to protect Latin American republics from European attack

28. Monroe Doctrine
Declared that the U.S. would not interfere in the affairs of European nations or existing colonies of European nations

29. Monroe Doctrine
Warned European nations not to attempt to regain control of the newly independent nations of Latin America

30. Monroe Doctrine
United States was determined to keep European powers out of the Western Hemisphere.

31. Monroe Doctrine
U.S. successfully challenged European intervention, or direct involvement, in Latin America.

32. Can you answer these questions?
If not, look back over this review!

33. Review Who is someone born in Latin America to Spanish parents?
Lowell girl
Capitalist
creole

34. Review
What is direct involvement by one nation in the affairs of another?
Urbanization
Sectionalism
Intervention

35. Review What was an unintended result of Henry Clay’s American system?
Much money was spent on transportation
Further growth of sectionalism
High tariffs

36. Review
Who was someone who worked in the mills and returned home to marry?
Capitalist
Lowell girl
Creole

37. Review What is loyalty to one’s state or region? Urbanization
Sectionalism
Intervention

38. Review How did Congress help American industry after the War of 1812?
It closed the first Bank of the United States
It established the second Bank of the United States
It lowered tariffs

39. Review How did the United States gain Florida from Spain?
U.S. bought Florida for $5 million
U.S. won Florida after a lengthy battle with Spain
Spain gave up Florida as a result of the Monroe Doctrine

40. Review Why was Lowell, Mass. Called a model factory town?
Factory owners shortened the employees’ work day
Factories employed young children
Workers lived in clean, decent housing

41. Review
What is one way Americans improved their roads in the early 1800s?
Private companies built turnpikes
Private companies put up funds for the National Road
During the War of 1812, the army built the National Road

42. Review Why was Simon Bolivar known as “The Liberator?”
He led independence movements in South America
He led a revolt freeing Texas from Mexican rule
He persuaded Spain to free its Latin American colonies

43. Review Which of the following describes the Industrial Revolution?
Depended on the development of the factory system
Occurred after years of planning in U.S. in 1700s
Was quick, violent and produced few results

44. Review How did private companies finance turnpikes?
Campaigned for donations from people
Borrowed money from states where turnpikes crossed
Collected tolls from travelers

45. Review
Which of the following led to the creation of the Monroe Doctrine?
U.S. wanted to control Latin America
U.S. feared Spain would try to regain its colonies in Latin America
U.S. feared Britain would try to take over its original colonies.

46. Review
Which is the BEST interpretation of Supreme Court decision, McCullough v. Maryland?
Federal govt. cannot tax state institutions
States can nullify federal laws they think are unconstitutional
States have no power to control federal institutions within their borders

47. Review What BEST describes daily life in a factory in the early 1800s?
Employees, mostly women & children, worked long hours
Factory owners more took interest in workers’ welfare
Laws were enacted to prevent child labor
What BEST describes daily life in a factory in the early 1800s?

48. Review What effect did sectionalism have on the Era of Good Feelings?
It made national unity more difficult
It divided the nation into East and West
It weakened political parties

49. Review
What generalization can be made about the rise of Latin American nations?
Spain gave up control of its colonies
Colonies had to win independence through revolution
New republics easily achieved democratic rule.

50. Review
Canals allowed western farmers to ship goods directly to eastern cities
Few farmers could afford to ship goods through canals
The National Road fell into disuse
What was a result of the development of canals in the early 1800s?

51. Review
Which of the following statements about John C. Calhoun is TRUE?
He supported slavery
He was a close ally of Daniel Webster
He supported strong central government

52. Review Why did Henry Clay’s American System fail?
Congress would not fund new roads, bridges and canals
Congress lowered tariffs
Supreme Court ruled that the American System was unconstitutional.
Why did Henry Clay’s American System fail?

53. Review
What agreement resulted in the U.S. taking possession of Florida?
Adams-Onis Treaty
McCullough v. Maryland
Monroe Doctrine

54. Review
What improvements did Americans make on roads in the early 1800s?
Coating surfaces with mud
Charging travelers to use them
Setting them on a bed of gravel

55. Review
Only federal govt. has power to regulate interstate commerce
U.S. Constitution prohibits commerce between states
Only states have the power to regulate interstate commerce
What is the best interpretation of the Supreme Court decision, Gibbons v. Ogden?

56. Review What was daily life like in a factory in the early 1800s?
All employees, including children, worked 12 hour days, 6 days/week
Adults worked 12 hour days; children worked shorter hours
Children worked 6 hour days with frequent rest breaks
What was daily life like in a factory in the early 1800s?

57. Review
How did Congress protect American manufacturers after the War of 1812?
Lowering tariffs on imported goods
Eliminating tariffs on imported goods
Raising tariffs on imported goods

58. Review
Which was a reason why President Monroe announced the Monroe Doctrine?
To protect Latin American republics from European attack
To provoke a war with Great Britain
To protect American industry from European imports

59. Review
Urbanization increased in the United States
Many Americans moved from cities to farms
Philadelphia became the largest city in the United States
What happened to the U.S. population during the Industrial Revolution?

60. Good Luck on your test!